Teen in Pine View bomb scare is sentenced to probation 5th District Judge Michael Westfall sentences Martin Farnsworth to 48 months of probation for bringing a homemade incendiary device to Pine View High School in March 2018 , St . George , Utah , April 24 , 2019 | Photo by court pool , St . George News ST . GEORGE — A judge sentenced a Hurricane teen who brought a homemade bomb to his high school last year to serve four years of " intensely supervised " probation Wednesday . Martin Farnsworth appears in 5th District Court via video conference for his initial appearance , St . George , Utah , July 31 , 2018 | File photo via court pool , St . George News Martin Farnsworth , 17 , appeared in 5 th District Court Wednesday afternoon where Judge Michael Westfall sentenced him to serve 48 months of supervised probation and 250 hours of community service , along with additional restrictions . Farnsworth had been facing a potential five years - to - life prison term that came with the first - degree felony charge of attempting to injure others with an incendiary device that he pleaded guilty to last month as a part of a plea deal . Prior to taking the plea , Farnsworth faced felony charges for attempted murder and possession of a weapon of mass destruction . The case was originally set in juvenile court last year but was moved to 5th District Court where he was tried as an adult due to the severity of the incident involved . Read more : Judge : 16 - year - old who brought bomb to Pine View High School will be tried as adult The charges stem from a March 5 , 2018 incident in which Farnsworth took a homemade explosive to Pine View High School . He placed the would - be incendiary device in a backpack in the cafeteria area during lunch and left after lighting a fuse . At the time , the cafeteria contained between 75 - 150 students . Pine View High School students are evacuated to the football field as police investigate a bomb scare inside the school and swept the parking lot as a precaution , St . George , Utah , March 5 , 2018 | File photo by Mori Kessler , St . George News Students noticed smoke coming from the backpack that contained the device and reported it to school faculty and the school ’ s resource officer , triggering an evacuation of the school and a multi - agency response from law enforcement . While the incendiary device ’ s fuse fizzled out and failed to ignite , investigators determined that if it had gone off , it would have caused damage to the immediate area and injured those near it . The device was constructed out of a " metal soup can filled with metal BB shots removed from shot gun shells , " according to court documents . It also included " three canning lids with masking tape , BBs , an improvised fuse , black gun powder , white plastic cup , empty box of box - strike matches , three 16 . 9 oz . water bottles of gasoline " and other items . Investigators found that Farnsworth learned to make an incendiary device via online instructions believed to be connected to the Islamic State terror group , according to court records and testimony . Public defender Edward Flint said he was pleased with the sentence in the Martin Farnsworth case , as getting his client released from further incarceration and placed on probation was a primary goal , St . George , Utah , April 24 , 2019 | Photo by court pool , St . George News Edward Flint , Farnsworth ’ s attorney , said that building the incendiary device and attempting to use it were a response to bullying his client had received at school and he finally snapped . The result was a criminal act , he added . " The way life is going , it ’ s not going well , " Farnsworth said in a recording of a police interview after he was taken into custody . " There ’ s a bunch of bad people . I don ’ t like the way the world is going . I just wanted to do something to make it different . " Read more : ‘ If someone got hurt , I probably wouldn ’ t care ’ ; Teen charged with attempted murder in Pine View High bomb scare " He feels guilt and remorse , yes , but differently , " Flint said , referring to Farnsworth being diagnosed with a mild , yet high - functioning form of autism and severe depression . The diagnosis was made by a mental health expert as a part of an evaluation connected to the pre - sentencing report . Read more : Defense in Pine View bombing case says Washington County School District failed teen Flint said the severe depression was a result of the bullying . The perceived lack of empathy on Farnsworth ’ s part over what he ’ d done was also a sign of autism spectrum disorder , and not necessary a sign the teen didn ’ t regret was he had done . " He ’ s a model citizen and a good person all around – but he snapped , " Flint said . Deputy Washington County Attorney Angela Adams addresses the court in regard to the sentencing of Martin Farnsworth , St . George , Utah , April 24 , 2019 | Photo by Court Pool , St . George News Westfall did not agree with Flint ’ s assessment . Being bullied to the point where you hit the bully is snapping , he said . In contrast , Farnsworth ’ s action were planned out . " This took some planning . This took some thought , and that ’ s troubling to me , because you didn ’ t just ‘ snap . ’ " Westfall also addressed Farnsworth prior to sentencing , mentioning that one of the teen ’ s siblings had written a letter to the court saying the event didn ’ t define who their brother was . " Unfortunately , there are things we do that define us , " Westfall said . " Had this incendiary device gone off and someone had been hurt , not only would you be defined by this behavior , but so would your family . " In addition to the 48 months of probation and 250 hours community service , Westfall ordered Farnsworth to wear an ankle monitor for 90 days , have no access to bomb - making materials , seek a psychiatric evaluation for the purpose of getting needed medications , have no internet access for six months , observe a curfew and write an apology letter to Pine View High and its students . Following the sentencing , Deputy Washington County Attorney Angela Adams , who prosecuted the case , said the state was satisfied with the outcome . 5th District Judge Michael Westfall listens to the defense for Martin Farnsworth prior to handing down a sentence of 48 months ’ probation , St . George , Utah , April 24 , 2019 | Photo by Court Pool , St . George News " He ’ s getting 48 months of intensely supervised probation , " Adams said , adding that if Farnsworth does something to put his probation in jeopardy , he could still end up facing the five years - to - life sentence suspended by the judge . " Of course , we hope he will be successful on probation , " she said . Adams also said she believes justice was served to the extent that the community is being protected and all involved are doing what they can to minimize the possibility of this incident repeating itself . " The state is satisfied that the safeguards put into place will protect the community . " The defense was also pleased with the results of the sentencing . " What we were hoping for was ( Farnsworth ) being released from custody into probation without any further juvenile or adult incarceration and that ’ s what we got , " Flint said . Farnsworth served 415 days in juvenile detention prior to being released Wednesday . As for the additional restrictions , Flint said they were to be expected and not out of the ordinary for a case involving a first - degree felony . When asked about his client ’ s reaction , Flint said he didn ’ t have much of one . " Martin doesn ’ t react much , " he said . " That ’ s the nature of autism spectrum disorder . He ’ s very quiet and introverted . " Farnsworth ’ s autism was an angle largely ignored by the state , Flint said , which led to him being treated as a common criminal rather than as someone who needed additional consideration . " Individuals with autism have a difficult time understanding how other people feel , and have a difficult time processing their own feelings when they are bullied or made fun of or even when they interact normally with other people , they ’ re going to react differently , and it ’ s like none of that mattered , " he said . " He committed a crime , no doubt about that , but it seems like nobody ’ s noticing that he ’ s autistic and he needs help . " Copyright St . George News , SaintGeorgeUtah . com LLC , 2019 , all rights reserved . Free News Delivery by Email Would you like to have the day ' s news stories delivered right to your inbox every evening ? Enter your email below to start !

Teen in Pine View bomb scare is sentenced to probation5th District Judge Michael Westfall sentences Martin Farnsworth to 48 months of probation for bringing a homemade incendiary device to Pine View High School in March 2018, St.George, Utah, April 24, 2019 | Photo by court pool, St.George NewsST.GEORGE — A judge sentenced a Hurricane teen who brought a homemade bomb to his high school last year to serve four years of "intensely supervised" probation Wednesday.Martin Farnsworth appears in 5th District Court via video conference for his initial appearance, St.George, Utah, July 31, 2018 | File photo via court pool, St.George NewsMartin Farnsworth, 17, appeared in 5thDistrict Court Wednesday afternoon where Judge Michael Westfall sentenced him to serve 48 months of supervised probation and 250 hours of community service, along with additional restrictions.Farnsworth had been facing a potential five years-to-life prison term that came with the first-degree felony charge of attempting to injure others with an incendiary device that he pleaded guilty to last month as a part of a plea deal.Prior to taking the plea, Farnsworth faced felony charges for attempted murder and possession of a weapon of mass destruction.The case was originally set in juvenile court last year but was moved to 5th District Court where he was tried as an adult due to the severity of the incident involved.Read more: Judge: 16-year-old who brought bomb to Pine View High School will be tried as adultThe charges stem from a March 5, 2018 incident in which Farnsworth took a homemade explosive to Pine View High School.He placed the would-be incendiary device in a backpack in the cafeteria area during lunch and left after lighting a fuse.At the time, the cafeteria contained between 75-150 students.Pine View High School students are evacuated to the football field as police investigate a bomb scare inside the school and swept the parking lot as a precaution, St.George, Utah, March 5, 2018 | File photo by Mori Kessler, St.George NewsStudents noticed smoke coming from the backpack that contained the device and reported it to school faculty and the school’s resource officer, triggering an evacuation of the school and a multi-agency response from law enforcement.While the incendiary device’s fuse fizzled out and failed to ignite, investigators determined that if it had gone off, it would have caused damage to the immediate area and injured those near it.The device was constructed out of a "metal soup can filled with metal BB shots removed from shot gun shells," according to court documents.It also included "three canning lids with masking tape, BBs, an improvised fuse, black gun powder, white plastic cup, empty box of box-strike matches, three 16.9 oz.water bottles of gasoline" and other items.Investigators found that Farnsworth learned to make an incendiary device via online instructions believed to be connected to the Islamic State terror group, according to court records and testimony.Public defender Edward Flint said he was pleased with the sentence in the Martin Farnsworth case, as getting his client released from further incarceration and placed on probation was a primary goal, St.George, Utah, April 24, 2019 | Photo by court pool, St.George NewsEdward Flint, Farnsworth’s attorney, said that building the incendiary device and attempting to use it were a response to bullying his client had received at school and he finally snapped.The result was a criminal act, he added."The way life is going, it’s not going well," Farnsworth said in a recording of a police interview after he was taken into custody."There’s a bunch of bad people.I don’t like the way the world is going.I just wanted to do something to make it different."Read more: ‘If someone got hurt, I probably wouldn’t care’; Teen charged with attempted murder in Pine View High bomb scare"He feels guilt and remorse, yes, but differently," Flint said, referring to Farnsworth being diagnosed with a mild, yet high-functioning form of autism and severe depression.The diagnosis was made by a mental health expert as a part of an evaluation connected to the pre-sentencing report.Read more: Defense in Pine View bombing case says Washington County School District failed teenFlint said the severe depression was a result of the bullying.The perceived lack of empathy on Farnsworth’s part over what he’d done was also a sign of autism spectrum disorder, and not necessary a sign the teen didn’t regret was he had done."He’s a model citizen and a good person all around – but he snapped," Flint said.Deputy Washington County Attorney Angela Adams addresses the court in regard to the sentencing of Martin Farnsworth, St.George, Utah, April 24, 2019 | Photo by Court Pool, St.George NewsWestfall did not agree with Flint’s assessment.Being bullied to the point where you hit the bully is snapping, he said.In contrast, Farnsworth’s action were planned out."This took some planning.This took some thought, and that’s troubling to me, because you didn’t just ‘snap.’"Westfall also addressed Farnsworth prior to sentencing, mentioning that one of the teen’s siblings had written a letter to the court saying the event didn’t define who their brother was."Unfortunately, there are things we do that define us," Westfall said."Had this incendiary device gone off and someone had been hurt, not only would you be defined by this behavior, but so would your family."In addition to the 48 months of probation and 250 hours community service, Westfall ordered Farnsworth to wear an ankle monitor for 90 days, have no access to bomb-making materials, seek a psychiatric evaluation for the purpose of getting needed medications, have no internet access for six months, observe a curfew and write an apology letter to Pine View High and its students.Following the sentencing, Deputy Washington County Attorney Angela Adams, who prosecuted the case, said the state was satisfied with the outcome.5th District Judge Michael Westfall listens to the defense for Martin Farnsworth prior to handing down a sentence of 48 months’ probation, St.George, Utah, April 24, 2019 | Photo by Court Pool, St.George News"He’s getting 48 months of intensely supervised probation," Adams said, adding that if Farnsworth does something to put his probation in jeopardy, he could still end up facing the five years-to-life sentence suspended by the judge."Of course, we hope he will be successful on probation," she said.Adams also said she believes justice was served to the extent that the community is being protected and all involved are doing what they can to minimize the possibility of this incident repeating itself."The state is satisfied that the safeguards put into place will protect the community."The defense was also pleased with the results of the sentencing."What we were hoping for was (Farnsworth) being released from custody into probation without any further juvenile or adult incarceration and that’s what we got," Flint said.Farnsworth served 415 days in juvenile detention prior to being released Wednesday.As for the additional restrictions, Flint said they were to be expected and not out of the ordinary for a case involving a first-degree felony.When asked about his client’s reaction, Flint said he didn’t have much of one."Martin doesn’t react much," he said."That’s the nature of autism spectrum disorder.He’s very quiet and introverted."Farnsworth’s autism was an angle largely ignored by the state, Flint said, which led to him being treated as a common criminal rather than as someone who needed additional consideration."Individuals with autism have a difficult time understanding how other people feel, and have a difficult time processing their own feelings when they are bullied or made fun of or even when they interact normally with other people, they’re going to react differently, and it’s like none of that mattered," he said."He committed a crime, no doubt about that, but it seems like nobody’s noticing that he’s autistic and he needs help."Copyright St.George News, SaintGeorgeUtah.com LLC, 2019, all rights reserved.Free News Delivery by EmailWould you like to have the day's news stories delivered right to your inbox every evening?Enter your email below to start!

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The Manbij bombing occurred on 16 January 2019 when a suicide bomber targeted a busy market street in Manbij known to be frequented by American soldiers . == Background == In the Syrian Civil War , the city of Manbij was taken by the Free Syrian Army in 2012 , and then by ISIS in 2014 . In 2016 , the city was taken by the American - backed Syrian Democratic Forces in the Manbij offensive . The Palace of the Princes restaurant was popular with Americans , located on a crowded downtown street in Manbij . U . S . Senators Lindsey Graham and Jeanne Shaheen ate there when they visited Syria in July 2018 . == The attack == Several American military personnel were inside the Palace of Princes restaurant when a suicide bomber triggered an explosion outside the restaurant around midday on Wednesday , 16 January 2019 . The bomber mixed into a crowd of people visiting a nearby vegetable market and detonated his explosive vest near the restaurant entrance , igniting a fireball that left the dead and wounded scattered in the street . Rescue workers rushed the wounded to the hospital , and military helicopters landed on a nearby soccer field to take the dead and wounded Americans . == Casualties == The Department of Defense released a statement on 18 January 2019 , identifying their three employees : a soldier , a sailor , and an intelligence expert . Defense contractor Valiant Integrated Services identified one of their employees as the fourth American killed . The four deceased Americans were : * Army Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jonathan R . Farmer , 37 , of Boynton Beach , Florida . Farmer was assigned to 3rd Battalion , 5th Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) , Fort Campbell , Kentucky . * Navy Chief Cryptologic Technician ( Interpretive ) Shannon M . Kent , 35 , of upstate New York . Kent was assigned to Cryptologic Warfare Activity 66 , based at Fort George G . Meade , Maryland . * DOD civilian intelligence officer Scott A . Wirtz of St . Louis , Missouri . Wirtz was assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency as an operations support specialist . * Civilian contractor Ghadir Taher of East Point , Georgia . Taher worked for Valiant Integrated Services as an interpreter and cook for U . S . troops in Syria . The total death toll is believed to be 19 , including 15 local SDF fighters . Three other American servicemen were also injured . The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility . == Aftermath == U . S . President Donald Trump paid tribute to the fallen Americans during a trip to Dover Air Force Base in the US state of Delaware on 19 January , where their remains were received . A second joint convoy of U . S . and allied Kurdish forces in northeastern Syria was hit in al - Hasakah 5 days later , there were no casualties , with two Kurdish fighters were lightly wounded in the blast . == References == U . S . President Donald Trump , Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan , and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo attend the Dignified Transfer of Remains Ceremony , 19 January 2019 .

The Manbij bombing occurred on 16 January 2019 when a suicide bomber targeted a busy market street in Manbij known to be frequented by American soldiers.==Background==In the Syrian Civil War, the city of Manbij was taken by the Free Syrian Army in 2012, and then by ISIS in 2014.In 2016, the city was taken by the American-backed Syrian Democratic Forces in the Manbij offensive.The Palace of the Princes restaurant was popular with Americans, located on a crowded downtown street in Manbij.U.S.Senators Lindsey Graham and Jeanne Shaheen ate there when they visited Syria in July 2018.==The attack==Several American military personnel were inside the Palace of Princes restaurant when a suicide bomber triggered an explosion outside the restaurant around midday on Wednesday, 16 January 2019.The bomber mixed into a crowd of people visiting a nearby vegetable market and detonated his explosive vest near the restaurant entrance, igniting a fireball that left the dead and wounded scattered in the street.Rescue workers rushed the wounded to the hospital, and military helicopters landed on a nearby soccer field to take the dead and wounded Americans.==Casualties==The Department of Defense released a statement on 18 January 2019, identifying their three employees: a soldier, a sailor, and an intelligence expert.Defense contractor Valiant Integrated Services identified one of their employees as the fourth American killed.The four deceased Americans were:* Army Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jonathan R. Farmer, 37, of Boynton Beach, Florida.Farmer was assigned to 3rd Battalion, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), Fort Campbell, Kentucky.* Navy Chief Cryptologic Technician (Interpretive) Shannon M. Kent, 35, of upstate New York.Kent was assigned to Cryptologic Warfare Activity 66, based at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland.* DOD civilian intelligence officer Scott A. Wirtz of St. Louis, Missouri.Wirtz was assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency as an operations support specialist.* Civilian contractor Ghadir Taher of East Point, Georgia.Taher worked for Valiant Integrated Services as an interpreter and cook for U.S. troops in Syria.The total death toll is believed to be 19, including 15 local SDF fighters.Three other American servicemen were also injured.The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility.==Aftermath==U.S. President Donald Trump paid tribute to the fallen Americans during a trip to Dover Air Force Base in the US state of Delaware on 19 January, where their remains were received.A second joint convoy of U.S. and allied Kurdish forces in northeastern Syria was hit in al-Hasakah 5 days later, there were no casualties, with two Kurdish fighters were lightly wounded in the blast.==References==U.S. President Donald Trump, Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo attend the Dignified Transfer of Remains Ceremony, 19 January 2019.

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Teaching student jailed over Sweden terror plot The 20 - year - old and his lawyer . Photo : Janerik Henriksson / TT A 20 - year - old former teaching student has been locked up for five years for plotting a suicide attack in Sweden . Aydin Sevigin was arrested in February , suspected of having tried to build a bomb . Police found six bottles of aceton , duct tape , a mobile phone and bullets during a search of his home . A receipt for Christmas tree lights and surveillance footage showing him buying a pressure cooker from Ikea were also part of the case . The 20 - year - old , who grew up in the well - off suburb Danderyd north of Stockholm , denied the claims , but refused to explain why he bought the ingredients , which can be used to build bombs . " My opinion is that he acquired , stored and collected liquids and objects to make and then blow up a suicide bomb in order to become a martyr . The criminal act being prepared could seriously have hurt Sweden , " prosecutor Ewamari Häggkvist said ahead of the verdict . Attunda District Court , north of Stockholm , sentenced him to five years in jail on Thursday morning for " preparing to commit a terror crime " . It said it had reduced the sentence by one year because he is aged under 21 . " It is not clear what would have been the target of a bomb attack . But we believe that blowing up a shrapnel bomb of this kind would have been able to harm Sweden and that the purpose of such a bomb must have been to instil fear in the way referred to by terrorism legislation , " said the chairman of the court , Mikael Swahn , in a statement . Sevigin ' s relatives had raised the alarm several months before he was arrested . In June last year one of his family members called the police , saying he was concerned about the 20 - year - old , who had then disappeared . He was shortly thereafter stopped in Turkey on two occasions . The first time he was made to return to Greece , the second time he was flown back to Sweden from Istanbul . His intention is believed to have been to travel onwards to Syria to join Isis . Several of his relatives stated during the investigation and trial that the 20 - year - old had been experiencing symptoms of depression , isolating himself from others and expressing radical opinions sympathizing with Isis . It was not immediately known if his legal team would attempt to appeal the sentence . The verdict came on the same day as a separate terror trial got under way in Sweden . A 25 - year - old man is charged with attempting to travel to Syria to join a militant group . The trial is the first of its kind applying Sweden ' s new anti - terror laws making it illegal to travel abroad to join terror organizations .

Teaching student jailed over Sweden terror plotThe 20-year-old and his lawyer.Photo: Janerik Henriksson/TTA 20-year-old former teaching student has been locked up for five years for plotting a suicide attack in Sweden.Aydin Sevigin was arrested in February, suspected of having tried to build a bomb.Police found six bottles of aceton, duct tape, a mobile phone and bullets during a search of his home.A receipt for Christmas tree lights and surveillance footage showing him buying a pressure cooker from Ikea were also part of the case.The 20-year-old, who grew up in the well-off suburb Danderyd north of Stockholm, denied the claims, but refused to explain why he bought the ingredients, which can be used to build bombs."My opinion is that he acquired, stored and collected liquids and objects to make and then blow up a suicide bomb in order to become a martyr.The criminal act being prepared could seriously have hurt Sweden," prosecutor Ewamari Häggkvist said ahead of the verdict.Attunda District Court, north of Stockholm, sentenced him to five years in jail on Thursday morning for "preparing to commit a terror crime".It said it had reduced the sentence by one year because he is aged under 21."It is not clear what would have been the target of a bomb attack.But we believe that blowing up a shrapnel bomb of this kind would have been able to harm Sweden and that the purpose of such a bomb must have been to instil fear in the way referred to by terrorism legislation," said the chairman of the court, Mikael Swahn, in a statement.Sevigin's relatives had raised the alarm several months before he was arrested.In June last year one of his family members called the police, saying he was concerned about the 20-year-old, who had then disappeared.He was shortly thereafter stopped in Turkey on two occasions.The first time he was made to return to Greece, the second time he was flown back to Sweden from Istanbul.His intention is believed to have been to travel onwards to Syria to join Isis.Several of his relatives stated during the investigation and trial that the 20-year-old had been experiencing symptoms of depression, isolating himself from others and expressing radical opinions sympathizing with Isis.It was not immediately known if his legal team would attempt to appeal the sentence.The verdict came on the same day as a separate terror trial got under way in Sweden.A 25-year-old man is charged with attempting to travel to Syria to join a militant group.The trial is the first of its kind applying Sweden's new anti-terror laws making it illegal to travel abroad to join terror organizations.

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It ’ s possible that targeted killings will be the only policy of president Barack Obama that the new resident of the White House will be eager to perpetuate . Last May , President Donald Trump stated , “ I have to do what ’ s right … as far as drones are concerned … to take out terrorists ” . He kept his word : US drones apparently killed three alleged Al Qaeda members in Yemen in late January . Targeted killing – the killing of specific individuals usually performed by drones – is a globally expanding practice . It blends police objectives with military operations . Targets are considered to be enemy combatants . But if they were to be apprehended in the country where they plan to perpetrate their attack they would not be killed , they would be arrested and put on trial . Targeted killings are a both a domestic issue and an international one and they combine resources gathered from intelligence means and military power . They are one of the constitutive elements of the preventive use of force framework that emerged in the early 2000s . Killing by drone Targeted killings were introduced by Israel just after the start of the second intifada in 2000 ; the idea came from the Israeli internal security agency , Shin Bet . Israel is unapologetic about these assassinations and ample information about the killings is available . The issue has been brought to the Supreme Court , which has repelled the accusation of illegality of the operations . It has also defined a set of restrictive criteria in order to regulate their use . Back then , Israel was criticised severely by the US , but that was two weeks before 9 / 11 . Once the US was hit , the Bush administration started its own global program of targeted killings in the context of what became the doctrinal setting of the so - called “ war on terror ” . The global war on terror has often stirred criticism in France , both in civil society circles and in government . This should not come as a surprise since it is hard , if not impossible , to convince third parties that US law should authorise the violation of state sovereignty and that such unilateralism apply to the use of force . Today , the UK has a programme of its own and France is also on board . French President François Hollande has set a “ kill list ” of jihadists who , his advisors believe , are a threat to French citizens . France , we knew , killed a jihadist in October 2015 , but we now have information that this is not an isolated case . What we see today is the versatility of democracies and their selfishness . When leaders believe national security is not at risk , a discourse inspired by human rights prevails . When leaders believe there are security problems , especially if the lives of their civilians are at risk on their own soil , rights are not a primary concern . When abiding by principles is costly , they are put aside . This is the old “ balancing ” debate : the security versus rights dilemma . In theory it is a sophisticated one , the practice is less nuanced . Prime Minister Manuel Valls ’ s response to journalists who asked him if those operations were legal was telling . With a mix of candour , foolishness and arrogance , he responded that they ought not to ask questions that “ are making things too complicated ” . A global problem So far , the US program of targeted elimination is the most problematic . It can be argued that Israel is in conflict with Palestine and therefore the use of force is permissible in certain areas of the Palestinian territories , as , in times of war and during conflicts , the killing of combatant by other combatants is legal and legitimate . This does not mean that Israeli targeted killings program is immune to criticism and that what has become a routine is justifiable . But the US program authorises the US to kill its targets in countries it is not at war with or in the absence of conflict , in some cases these are even allies , such as Pakistan where , for obvious reasons , they create great resentment . The area covered by the US program is huge and the number of operations very significant . Unlike in the case of Israel , no official data is available ( especially concerning the number of civilians who die because of the attacks ) . The targets ’ selection is also problematic , especially in the case of “ signature strikes ” – those targets that are selected on a statistical basis . The decision to strike depends on the signals that individuals display and which make them look suspicious . A young male dressed in clothes that cover his face , and taking a stroll at night in a Pakistani area where rebels are known to live has good reasons to fear for his security . As the US will pursue if not expand its targeted killings policy , we need to be aware of the problems inherent to this practice . They are legally dubious . They create political tensions between those who use them and those states where they are operating . Finally , their efficacy has not been proven . Even , in the Israeli case , some , very convincingly , challenge that targeted killings are the cause of the decrease of suicide bombers . Who ’ s next , what ’ s next ? Other liberal countries are jumping on the bandwagon , such as the US ’ s gentle neighbour Canada . But the next step is even more intriguing . For now , we see a clear North - South divide : Western states are shooting while the Middle East , Africa and Muslim areas are taking the bullets . But this might change . What will happen when Russia , Turkey and China launch their own operations ? This will mark the end of Western exceptionalism . In Israel and in the US , democracies are engaged in vivid legal debates on the legality of the operations they carry out . The outcome of this endeavour has been to try to define domestic laws that would allow the use of force at the international level , which is already contrary to the spirit of international law ( if not its content ) . At the international level , we saw some attempts to address this issue at the UN , but , so far , the results of these efforts have been mitigated . What happens when non - democracies where human rights and international humanitarian laws , to say the least , are not a priority , use drones or other devices to perform targeted killings ? It is probable that because they care less and have fewer resources and expertise than the US , their operations will be less precise ? Is their power likely to be contained ? It is unlikely that the US and Western states will be able to push in this direction . After all , they initiated the process . In this regard , the recent confrontation over Syria between US ambassador Samantha Power and the Russian representative Vitaly Churkin at the UN in December 2016 is very telling about the general situation we are in . Power repeatedly and emphatically asked the Russians if they felt no “ shame ” , because of the heavy bombings they carried out in order to rescue and resuscitate the Assad regime . In return , Churkin mocked Power by bluntly emphasising that she built “ her statement as if she was Mother Teresa ” . He told her to remember of her “ own country track record ” , instead of trying to display such unwarranted “ moral supremacy ” . We have to envisage the future consequences of the expansion of targeted killings as a norm and be aware of the dangers of their spread . It will be more difficult for those who want to occupy the moral high ground or simply to limit the use of force to denounce the absurdity of this situation . Western elites in government and outside , by that time , will have already made too many concessions with the principles they want others to uphold .

It’s possible that targeted killings will be the only policy of president Barack Obama that the new resident of the White House will be eager to perpetuate.Last May, President Donald Trump stated, “I have to do what’s right … as far as drones are concerned … to take out terrorists”. He kept his word: US drones apparently killed three alleged Al Qaeda members in Yemen in late January.Targeted killing – the killing of specific individuals usually performed by drones – is a globally expanding practice.It blends police objectives with military operations. Targets are considered to be enemy combatants. But if they were to be apprehended in the country where they plan to perpetrate their attack they would not be killed, they would be arrested and put on trial.Targeted killings are a both a domestic issue and an international one and they combine resources gathered from intelligence means and military power. They are one of the constitutive elements of the preventive use of force framework that emerged in the early 2000s.Killing by droneTargeted killings were introduced by Israel just after the start of the second intifada in 2000; the idea came from the Israeli internal security agency, Shin Bet. Israel is unapologetic about these assassinations and ample information about the killings is available.The issue has been brought to the Supreme Court, which has repelled the accusation of illegality of the operations. It has also defined a set of restrictive criteria in order to regulate their use.Back then, Israel was criticised severely by the US, but that was two weeks before 9/11. Once the US was hit, the Bush administration started its own global program of targeted killings in the context of what became the doctrinal setting of the so-called “war on terror”.The global war on terror has often stirred criticism in France, both in civil society circles and in government. This should not come as a surprise since it is hard, if not impossible, to convince third parties that US law should authorise the violation of state sovereignty and that such unilateralism apply to the use of force.Today, the UK has a programme of its own and France is also on board. French President François Hollande has set a “kill list” of jihadists who, his advisors believe, are a threat to French citizens. France, we knew, killed a jihadist in October 2015, but we now have information that this is not an isolated case.What we see today is the versatility of democracies and their selfishness. When leaders believe national security is not at risk, a discourse inspired by human rights prevails. When leaders believe there are security problems, especially if the lives of their civilians are at risk on their own soil, rights are not a primary concern. When abiding by principles is costly, they are put aside.This is the old “balancing” debate: the security versus rights dilemma. In theory it is a sophisticated one, the practice is less nuanced.Prime Minister Manuel Valls’s response to journalists who asked him if those operations were legal was telling. With a mix of candour, foolishness and arrogance, he responded that they ought not to ask questions that “are making things too complicated”.A global problemSo far, the US program of targeted elimination is the most problematic. It can be argued that Israel is in conflict with Palestine and therefore the use of force is permissible in certain areas of the Palestinian territories, as, in times of war and during conflicts, the killing of combatant by other combatants is legal and legitimate. This does not mean that Israeli targeted killings program is immune to criticism and that what has become a routine is justifiable.But the US program authorises the US to kill its targets in countries it is not at war with or in the absence of conflict, in some cases these are even allies, such as Pakistan where, for obvious reasons, they create great resentment.The area covered by the US program is huge and the number of operations very significant. Unlike in the case of Israel, no official data is available (especially concerning the number of civilians who die because of the attacks). The targets’ selection is also problematic, especially in the case of “signature strikes” – those targets that are selected on a statistical basis.The decision to strike depends on the signals that individuals display and which make them look suspicious. A young male dressed in clothes that cover his face, and taking a stroll at night in a Pakistani area where rebels are known to live has good reasons to fear for his security.As the US will pursue if not expand its targeted killings policy, we need to be aware of the problems inherent to this practice. They are legally dubious. They create political tensions between those who use them and those states where they are operating.Finally, their efficacy has not been proven. Even, in the Israeli case, some, very convincingly, challenge that targeted killings are the cause of the decrease of suicide bombers.Who’s next, what’s next?Other liberal countries are jumping on the bandwagon, such as the US’s gentle neighbour Canada. But the next step is even more intriguing.For now, we see a clear North-South divide: Western states are shooting while the Middle East, Africa and Muslim areas are taking the bullets. But this might change.What will happen when Russia, Turkey and China launch their own operations? This will mark the end of Western exceptionalism.In Israel and in the US, democracies are engaged in vivid legal debates on the legality of the operations they carry out.The outcome of this endeavour has been to try to define domestic laws that would allow the use of force at the international level, which is already contrary to the spirit of international law (if not its content). At the international level, we saw some attempts to address this issue at the UN, but, so far, the results of these efforts have been mitigated.What happens when non-democracies where human rights and international humanitarian laws, to say the least, are not a priority, use drones or other devices to perform targeted killings? It is probable that because they care less and have fewer resources and expertise than the US, their operations will be less precise?Is their power likely to be contained? It is unlikely that the US and Western states will be able to push in this direction. After all, they initiated the process. In this regard, the recent confrontation over Syria between US ambassador Samantha Power and the Russian representative Vitaly Churkin at the UN in December 2016 is very telling about the general situation we are in.Power repeatedly and emphatically asked the Russians if they felt no “shame”, because of the heavy bombings they carried out in order to rescue and resuscitate the Assad regime. In return, Churkin mocked Power by bluntly emphasising that she built “her statement as if she was Mother Teresa”. He told her to remember of her “own country track record”, instead of trying to display such unwarranted “moral supremacy”.We have to envisage the future consequences of the expansion of targeted killings as a norm and be aware of the dangers of their spread. It will be more difficult for those who want to occupy the moral high ground or simply to limit the use of force to denounce the absurdity of this situation. Western elites in government and outside, by that time, will have already made too many concessions with the principles they want others to uphold.

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Latest news straight to your inbox Subscribe Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid Email The second Birmingham pub bombings pre - inquest review takes place this week . Andy Richards reveals for the first time the tragic story of young victim Marilyn Paula Nash . An early riser for work , council worker John Smith needed to be on autopilot as he set off as usual on the grey , dismal Friday morning that is forever etched in his memory . Normally , he would have had a spring in his step . After all , all the weekend was beckoning . It was a chance for him to unwind from the office graft , and perhaps enjoy a drink or two . But this wasn ’ t a normal morning . In fact , there had never been another morning quite like it in the West Midlands . The previous night , well , at that stage all the terrible details were not known . Accounts varied , the death toll was rising . Bombers – everyone knew they were the IRA , although the terror group had not claimed responsibility – had destroyed two pubs in Birmingham city centre . Nineteen people were dead , several were clinging to life , two of whom would eventually succumb to dreadful injuries . The number of injured seemed to change with almost every news bulletin , but it was steadily increasing , and by now it was more than 150 . On the previous night – November 21 , 1974 – families across the UK had clustered around TV sets and radios , utterly aghast and trying to take in what the news flashes from Birmingham were showing and describing . In the city , and across the Black Country towns of West Bromwich , Dudley , Walsall and Wolverhampton , fear of more attacks , combined with growing anger , was visceral . There had already been a number of reprisal attacks on Irish homes and businesses . The region bristled with tension . John ’ s head was already full of this as he fastened his coat to leave his Walsall home . Little did he know that the sickening horror of the previous night was on his own doorstep . He stepped out . . . and into a nightmare scenario . John , now a 74 - year - old pensioner and still living in the same terraced property , knows the memories can never be erased . “ It must have been about 7am , ” he says . “ We had all heard about the bombs going off in the pubs in Birmingham the night before . The whole area was in shock , people could hardly believe it . ” In his early 30s at the time , on that Friday morning he was intent on catching his usual bus for the daily journey to work at Lichfield Council where he was involved in planning sewerage pipe developments . As he set off from the small close in Pelsall where his family lived , he was confronted by the extraordinary sight of his neighbour , Mr Nash stumbling about in the road “ like a lost man ” . John remembers his neighbour ’ s tears and his face – the face of a man in absolute torment . “ He was simply wandering about , not going anywhere but obviously really upset , ” recalls John . “ So naturally I went to him and asked him what was wrong . “ He said his daughter , Marilyn , had been in Birmingham the night before . She still hadn ’ t come home . ” Mr Nash was a widower and lived with Marilyn , who was 22 , and his son , Robert , in the terraced house next door . John thinks Robert was away studying at university at the time . Either way , there was no - one else at home . With nobody to talk to , Mr Nash ’ s agony had multiplied with each long hour throughout the blackest of nights . “ I tried to comfort him as best I could , but what can you do ? What can you say ? , ” says John . “ His daughter should have been home hours ago . There had been no sign or word of her . “ I persuaded him to come back to our house where I left him with my mother before I went on to work . She did her best to help him . ” Whatever conversation passed between John ’ s mother and Mr Nash is not known . Neither is how long the poor man waited for news . But his fears for his daughter were sadly well - founded . She never did come home . It took the authorities some time to confirm that Birmingham shop worker Marilyn Paula Nash – known as Paula to her family and close friends – was among the dead . She was an attractive , vivacious young woman , with a hint of Jackie Onassis about her looks and hairstyle . Those tasked with the dreadful job of identifying the dead could only confirm it was her by her wage packet , says John . “ I remember that she was a very sweet , very friendly girl , ” he recalls . “ She was my next door neighbour and a reasonably similar age so , although were were not close , we would always say hello , and pass the time of day . Sometimes we would catch the same bus if we were going into Birmingham for a drink , and we would chat . ” A fateful decision by Marilyn to pop into a pub for a quick drink on the way home from work cost her her life . It was the penultimate pay day before Christmas . The pubs in Birmingham were full and business was brisk . Marilyn headed for the Tavern In The Town , the underground bar in New Street which had become a cult drinking hole for students and young workers . So did the bombers . They wrought carnage there , and at the nearby Mulberry Bush at the bottom of The Rotunda . “ When it became known that Marilyn was among the dead , this whole area was in absolute shock , ” remembers John . “ There was a big Irish community locally and a local Catholic club was nearby . “ I remember the police ordering the Catholic club to be closed for security reasons for a time . I don ’ t think that was necessary , but I suppose they feared reprisals or trouble and had to be careful . ” Mr Nash , who later remarried , is understood to have passed away many years ago , and Marilyn ’ s brother is believed to live in another part of the country . John is probably the only resident from those days still living in the small , tidy street that witnessed such awful events . The homes there are well - kept but nowadays many have signs in their windows making it clear that callers without appointments are not welcome . It suggests the residents prefer keep themselves to themselves . Most probably have no idea of the tragedy that visited the Nash family 42 years ago . ( Image : Wesley / Keystone / Getty Images ) As for John , his chat with me has clearly stirred recollections that have lay dormant for many years . But he is not optimistic that the new inquest will bring truth or closure to those who still grieve . “ Like a good many others I would like to know what really went on that night but . . . ” and here he pauses . “ It may turn something up , but those who did it have got away with it for too long . ” Ex - IRA chief : Pub attacks left me ashamed and appalled . . . ( Image : Birmingham Mail ) The IRA ’ s involvement in the bombings became clearer with the publication of the memoirs of Kieran Conway , head of the its intelligence - gathering department during the 1970s . In his book Southside Provisional , he confessed that the attacks on the pubs left him “ ashamed and appalled . ” The attacks on the Birmingham pubs , neither of which had any military connection , “ went against everything we claimed to stand for , ” he said . The bombings came after police disrupted the funeral arrangements for James McDade , a lieutenant in the Birmingham Brigade of the IRA who blew himself up while trying to attack Coventry Telephone Exchange a few days earlier . “ Tempers were high and I , for one , certainly at first feared that the local IRA had knowingly caused these dreadful casualties , ” said Conway . He claimed the IRA unit responsible “ could not find a functioning telephone box , so they were unable to issue a warning sufficiently in time to clear the bars and prevent the mass loss of life . ” Conway finally left the Republican movement in 1993 and is now a criminal lawyer in Dublin . Fighting families ’ legal aid problems still to be resolved Relatives of more than half the victims are hoping to be represented by lawyers at the pre - inquest review hearing on Thursday . But at the time of going to press , longstanding issues of legal aid had still to be resolved . For several months the Government had insisted that KRW Law , the Belfast - based law firm representing most of the families , was not eligible for legal aid . But at the end of last month , there was a U - turn and the Legal Aid Agency is currently considering a fresh application . Legal Aid Minister Sir Oliver Heald QC said : “ It would be a travesty for families to be denied justice simply because of a technicality , which is why I have taken the decision to change the regulations around inquest funding . This will remove any barrier from the families ’ solicitors in applying for legal aid funding for the inquest . ” The inquest was re - opened in June last year following a campaign by the families , backed by the Birmingham Mail . The full inquest is expected to take place in September .

Latest news straight to your inbox Subscribe Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid EmailThe second Birmingham pub bombings pre-inquest review takes place this week. Andy Richards reveals for the first time the tragic story of young victim Marilyn Paula Nash.An early riser for work, council worker John Smith needed to be on autopilot as he set off as usual on the grey, dismal Friday morning that is forever etched in his memory.Normally, he would have had a spring in his step. After all, all the weekend was beckoning. It was a chance for him to unwind from the office graft, and perhaps enjoy a drink or two.But this wasn’t a normal morning. In fact, there had never been another morning quite like it in the West Midlands.The previous night, well, at that stage all the terrible details were not known. Accounts varied, the death toll was rising.Bombers – everyone knew they were the IRA, although the terror group had not claimed responsibility – had destroyed two pubs in Birmingham city centre.Nineteen people were dead, several were clinging to life, two of whom would eventually succumb to dreadful injuries.The number of injured seemed to change with almost every news bulletin, but it was steadily increasing, and by now it was more than 150.On the previous night – November 21, 1974 – families across the UK had clustered around TV sets and radios, utterly aghast and trying to take in what the news flashes from Birmingham were showing and describing.In the city, and across the Black Country towns of West Bromwich, Dudley, Walsall and Wolverhampton, fear of more attacks, combined with growing anger, was visceral.There had already been a number of reprisal attacks on Irish homes and businesses. The region bristled with tension.John’s head was already full of this as he fastened his coat to leave his Walsall home. Little did he know that the sickening horror of the previous night was on his own doorstep.He stepped out... and into a nightmare scenario.John, now a 74-year-old pensioner and still living in the same terraced property, knows the memories can never be erased.“It must have been about 7am,” he says. “We had all heard about the bombs going off in the pubs in Birmingham the night before. The whole area was in shock, people could hardly believe it.”In his early 30s at the time, on that Friday morning he was intent on catching his usual bus for the daily journey to work at Lichfield Council where he was involved in planning sewerage pipe developments.As he set off from the small close in Pelsall where his family lived, he was confronted by the extraordinary sight of his neighbour, Mr Nash stumbling about in the road “like a lost man”.John remembers his neighbour’s tears and his face – the face of a man in absolute torment.“He was simply wandering about, not going anywhere but obviously really upset,” recalls John. “So naturally I went to him and asked him what was wrong.“He said his daughter, Marilyn, had been in Birmingham the night before. She still hadn’t come home.”Mr Nash was a widower and lived with Marilyn, who was 22, and his son, Robert, in the terraced house next door. John thinks Robert was away studying at university at the time. Either way, there was no-one else at home.With nobody to talk to, Mr Nash’s agony had multiplied with each long hour throughout the blackest of nights.“I tried to comfort him as best I could, but what can you do? What can you say?,” says John. “His daughter should have been home hours ago. There had been no sign or word of her.“I persuaded him to come back to our house where I left him with my mother before I went on to work. She did her best to help him.”Whatever conversation passed between John’s mother and Mr Nash is not known. Neither is how long the poor man waited for news.But his fears for his daughter were sadly well-founded. She never did come home.It took the authorities some time to confirm that Birmingham shop worker Marilyn Paula Nash – known as Paula to her family and close friends – was among the dead.She was an attractive, vivacious young woman, with a hint of Jackie Onassis about her looks and hairstyle.Those tasked with the dreadful job of identifying the dead could only confirm it was her by her wage packet, says John.“I remember that she was a very sweet, very friendly girl,” he recalls. “She was my next door neighbour and a reasonably similar age so, although were were not close, we would always say hello, and pass the time of day. Sometimes we would catch the same bus if we were going into Birmingham for a drink, and we would chat.”A fateful decision by Marilyn to pop into a pub for a quick drink on the way home from work cost her her life.It was the penultimate pay day before Christmas. The pubs in Birmingham were full and business was brisk. Marilyn headed for the Tavern In The Town, the underground bar in New Street which had become a cult drinking hole for students and young workers.So did the bombers. They wrought carnage there, and at the nearby Mulberry Bush at the bottom of The Rotunda.“When it became known that Marilyn was among the dead, this whole area was in absolute shock,” remembers John. “There was a big Irish community locally and a local Catholic club was nearby.“I remember the police ordering the Catholic club to be closed for security reasons for a time. I don’t think that was necessary, but I suppose they feared reprisals or trouble and had to be careful.”Mr Nash, who later remarried, is understood to have passed away many years ago, and Marilyn’s brother is believed to live in another part of the country.John is probably the only resident from those days still living in the small, tidy street that witnessed such awful events.The homes there are well-kept but nowadays many have signs in their windows making it clear that callers without appointments are not welcome.It suggests the residents prefer keep themselves to themselves.Most probably have no idea of the tragedy that visited the Nash family 42 years ago.(Image: Wesley/Keystone/Getty Images)As for John, his chat with me has clearly stirred recollections that have lay dormant for many years.But he is not optimistic that the new inquest will bring truth or closure to those who still grieve.“Like a good many others I would like to know what really went on that night but...” and here he pauses.“It may turn something up, but those who did it have got away with it for too long.”Ex-IRA chief: Pub attacks left me ashamed and appalled...(Image: Birmingham Mail)The IRA’s involvement in the bombings became clearer with the publication of the memoirs of Kieran Conway, head of the its intelligence-gathering department during the 1970s.In his book Southside Provisional, he confessed that the attacks on the pubs left him “ashamed and appalled.”The attacks on the Birmingham pubs, neither of which had any military connection, “went against everything we claimed to stand for,” he said.The bombings came after police disrupted the funeral arrangements for James McDade, a lieutenant in the Birmingham Brigade of the IRA who blew himself up while trying to attack Coventry Telephone Exchange a few days earlier.“Tempers were high and I, for one, certainly at first feared that the local IRA had knowingly caused these dreadful casualties,” said Conway.He claimed the IRA unit responsible “could not find a functioning telephone box, so they were unable to issue a warning sufficiently in time to clear the bars and prevent the mass loss of life.”Conway finally left the Republican movement in 1993 and is now a criminal lawyer in Dublin.Fighting families’ legal aid problems still to be resolvedRelatives of more than half the victims are hoping to be represented by lawyers at the pre-inquest review hearing on Thursday.But at the time of going to press, longstanding issues of legal aid had still to be resolved.For several months the Government had insisted that KRW Law, the Belfast-based law firm representing most of the families, was not eligible for legal aid.But at the end of last month, there was a U-turn and the Legal Aid Agency is currently considering a fresh application.Legal Aid Minister Sir Oliver Heald QC said: “It would be a travesty for families to be denied justice simply because of a technicality, which is why I have taken the decision to change the regulations around inquest funding. This will remove any barrier from the families’ solicitors in applying for legal aid funding for the inquest.”The inquest was re-opened in June last year following a campaign by the families, backed by the Birmingham Mail. The full inquest is expected to take place in September.

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10 civilians killed in roadside bomb blast in E . Afghan province : official KABUL , Dec . 13 ( Xinhua ) -- Ten civilians were killed and six others wounded in a roadside bomb explosion in Afghanistan ' s eastern Ghazni province on Friday , an Interior Ministry official confirmed . " A minibus carload of civilians running along a dusty road between Jaghato and Dih Yak districts in Ghazni touched off a pressure - plate improvised explosive device ( IED ) , leading to an explosion roughly at 10 : 30 a . m . local time , " Deputy Spokesperson Marwa Amini told Xinhua . Four women and one child were among the killed and provincial official were trying to notify relatives of the victims , she said . Three women were among the wounded , she added . She blamed enemies of peace , referring to the Taliban militant group , for the attack . Taliban militants have been using home - made improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) to make roadside bombs and landmines for targeting security forces , but the lethal weapons also inflict casualties on civilians . More than 32 , 600 civilians have died and about 60 , 700 have been injured as a result of armed conflict in Afghanistan since January 2009 , according to figures of the UN mission in the country .

10 civilians killed in roadside bomb blast in E. Afghan province: officialKABUL, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- Ten civilians were killed and six others wounded in a roadside bomb explosion in Afghanistan's eastern Ghazni province on Friday, an Interior Ministry official confirmed."A minibus carload of civilians running along a dusty road between Jaghato and Dih Yak districts in Ghazni touched off a pressure-plate improvised explosive device (IED), leading to an explosion roughly at 10:30 a.m. local time," Deputy Spokesperson Marwa Amini told Xinhua.Four women and one child were among the killed and provincial official were trying to notify relatives of the victims, she said.Three women were among the wounded, she added.She blamed enemies of peace, referring to the Taliban militant group, for the attack.Taliban militants have been using home-made improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to make roadside bombs and landmines for targeting security forces, but the lethal weapons also inflict casualties on civilians.More than 32,600 civilians have died and about 60,700 have been injured as a result of armed conflict in Afghanistan since January 2009, according to figures of the UN mission in the country.

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Manchester Bomber ’ s Blast Felt on Street Where He Grew Up MANCHESTER , ENGLAND — The British - born jihadist behind the worst terror attack in Britain in more than a decade in effect killed and maimed people he ’ d grown up with — making the atrocity even more horrifying for Manchester residents still struggling to come to terms with a bombing that killed 22 people and injured 59 others at a concert of American pop star Ariana Grande . As the British government raised the terrorist threat level to " critical " — only the second time authorities have done so — details began to emerge of the 22 - year - old suicide bomber Salman Abedi , his Libyan paternity , and his alleged ties to a well - known recruiter for the Islamic State terror group and other known jihadists . He only recently returned from a three - week trip to Libya , according to family members . British police sources say the trip raises the possibility he may have met with members of the terror group ’ s affiliate in the North African country to plot the attack and to receive training . Known to police The portrait drawn of the mass killer who packed his improvised explosive device with nails , nuts and bolts to maximize the slaughter , is a mixed one . Some neighbors describe him as a football - obsessed fan of Manchester United and keen enthusiast of computer games . They insist there were no signs the student dropout became radicalized . British security services acknowledged Abedi was known to them — there are some reports the intelligence service may have tried to persuade him to act as an informant — but they did not see him as a high risk . Others , though , describe a young man full of rage , who denounced a local mosque leader for his criticism of IS . They say he started to pray openly in the streets . A police officer stands outside Didsbury mosque in Manchester , May 24 , 2017 . A local imam , Mohammed Saeed , told British newspapers Abedi stopped attending his mosque in 2015 after they argued over IS . “ Salman used to come to the mosque occasionally , he wasn ’ t particularly friendly towards me because he didn ’ t like my anti - IS sermons . He didn ’ t like what I was saying and showed me the face of hate . He came to the mosque less and less after that . ” Son of Libyan emigres Abedi was born in Manchester in 1994 , the third of four children , three boys and one girl . His parents were Libyan emigres who found a home in the northern English city after fleeing the Moammar Gadhafi regime in 1980 . His father , Ramadan Abedi , a former security guard at Manchester Airport , returned to Libya in 2011 to join the uprising against the Libyan autocrat . Since Gadhafi ’ s overthrow his parents spent more time in the North African country than in their home in south Manchester , less than two miles from the scene of Monday ’ s bombing . Police officers arrive at a residential property on Elsmore Road in Fallowfield , Manchester , on May 24 , 2017 , as investigations continue into the May 22 terror attack at the Manchester Arena . Libyan emigres in Manchester say the bomber ’ s father had no time for jihadist ideology . “ He was always very confrontational with jihadi ideology , and this ISIS thing isn ’ t even jihad , it ’ s criminality . The family will be devastated , ” one told local newspapers . According to the Daily Mirror newspaper , Abedi was a family friend of Raphael Hostey , also known as Abu Qaqa al - Britani , who helped recruit other young Britons for Islamic State via social media until he was killed in a drone strike in Syria last year . British police sources say his ties to Hostey are being probed by counter - terror officials who fear Abedi may have been part of a terror cell , a concern heightened by a trip he made to Libya in the run - up to the bombing . Police also remain skeptical that Abedi could have built the bomb alone because of its sophistication . Radicalization Abedi attended local schools and then went on to study business and management at nearby Salford University . In a statement , a university spokesman described him as " completely off the radar . He turned up for lectures for two years and then just stopped coming . ” A sign on the front door of a house reads " Stop Knocking On This Door - We Know Nothing About This Family ! ! " is pictured on Elsmore Road in Fallowfield , Manchester , on May 24 , 2017 . In the last year - and - half both Abedi and his older brother , 23 - year - old Ismail , were active on social media sites , praising jihadists . Police arrested Ismail Monday night hours after the blast . He taught Arabic classes at the Didsbury mosque and , according to locals , was reported to police after concerns were raised about what he was teaching . Police are also probing the links between the Abedi brothers and another British - Libyan from Manchester , Abdalraouf Abdallah , who was sentenced to a nine - year - prison term after being convicted of funding terrorism and preparing acts of terrorism . Some analysts argue there were plenty of warning signs about Abedi . In a recent study of young British jihadists for the Henry Jackson Society , a London - based think tank , researcher Emma Webb noted a failure of various agencies and educational institutions to share relevant information about individuals vulnerable to radicalization . She urged police and social services to share “ relevant information on vulnerable individuals so the full picture is known across all agencies . ”

Manchester Bomber’s Blast Felt on Street Where He Grew UpMANCHESTER, ENGLAND — The British-born jihadist behind the worst terror attack in Britain in more than a decade in effect killed and maimed people he’d grown up with — making the atrocity even more horrifying for Manchester residents still struggling to come to terms with a bombing that killed 22 people and injured 59 others at a concert of American pop star Ariana Grande.As the British government raised the terrorist threat level to "critical" — only the second time authorities have done so — details began to emerge of the 22-year-old suicide bomber Salman Abedi, his Libyan paternity, and his alleged ties to a well-known recruiter for the Islamic State terror group and other known jihadists.He only recently returned from a three-week trip to Libya, according to family members. British police sources say the trip raises the possibility he may have met with members of the terror group’s affiliate in the North African country to plot the attack and to receive training.Known to police The portrait drawn of the mass killer who packed his improvised explosive device with nails, nuts and bolts to maximize the slaughter, is a mixed one.Some neighbors describe him as a football-obsessed fan of Manchester United and keen enthusiast of computer games.They insist there were no signs the student dropout became radicalized. British security services acknowledged Abedi was known to them — there are some reports the intelligence service may have tried to persuade him to act as an informant — but they did not see him as a high risk.Others, though, describe a young man full of rage, who denounced a local mosque leader for his criticism of IS. They say he started to pray openly in the streets.A police officer stands outside Didsbury mosque in Manchester, May 24, 2017.A local imam, Mohammed Saeed, told British newspapers Abedi stopped attending his mosque in 2015 after they argued over IS. “Salman used to come to the mosque occasionally, he wasn’t particularly friendly towards me because he didn’t like my anti-IS sermons. He didn’t like what I was saying and showed me the face of hate. He came to the mosque less and less after that.”Son of Libyan emigresAbedi was born in Manchester in 1994, the third of four children, three boys and one girl. His parents were Libyan emigres who found a home in the northern English city after fleeing the Moammar Gadhafi regime in 1980.His father, Ramadan Abedi, a former security guard at Manchester Airport, returned to Libya in 2011 to join the uprising against the Libyan autocrat. Since Gadhafi’s overthrow his parents spent more time in the North African country than in their home in south Manchester, less than two miles from the scene of Monday’s bombing.Police officers arrive at a residential property on Elsmore Road in Fallowfield, Manchester, on May 24, 2017, as investigations continue into the May 22 terror attack at the Manchester Arena.Libyan emigres in Manchester say the bomber’s father had no time for jihadist ideology. “He was always very confrontational with jihadi ideology, and this ISIS thing isn’t even jihad, it’s criminality. The family will be devastated,” one told local newspapers.According to the Daily Mirror newspaper, Abedi was a family friend of Raphael Hostey, also known as Abu Qaqa al-Britani, who helped recruit other young Britons for Islamic State via social media until he was killed in a drone strike in Syria last year. British police sources say his ties to Hostey are being probed by counter-terror officials who fear Abedi may have been part of a terror cell, a concern heightened by a trip he made to Libya in the run-up to the bombing.Police also remain skeptical that Abedi could have built the bomb alone because of its sophistication.RadicalizationAbedi attended local schools and then went on to study business and management at nearby Salford University. In a statement, a university spokesman described him as "completely off the radar. He turned up for lectures for two years and then just stopped coming.”A sign on the front door of a house reads "Stop Knocking On This Door - We Know Nothing About This Family!!" is pictured on Elsmore Road in Fallowfield, Manchester, on May 24, 2017.In the last year-and-half both Abedi and his older brother, 23-year-old Ismail, were active on social media sites, praising jihadists. Police arrested Ismail Monday night hours after the blast. He taught Arabic classes at the Didsbury mosque and, according to locals, was reported to police after concerns were raised about what he was teaching.Police are also probing the links between the Abedi brothers and another British-Libyan from Manchester, Abdalraouf Abdallah, who was sentenced to a nine-year-prison term after being convicted of funding terrorism and preparing acts of terrorism.Some analysts argue there were plenty of warning signs about Abedi. In a recent study of young British jihadists for the Henry Jackson Society, a London-based think tank, researcher Emma Webb noted a failure of various agencies and educational institutions to share relevant information about individuals vulnerable to radicalization.She urged police and social services to share “relevant information on vulnerable individuals so the full picture is known across all agencies.”

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WASHINGTON — In March 2011 , the Russian security service sent a stark warning to the F . B . I . , reporting that Tamerlan Tsarnaev was “ a follower of radical Islam ” who had “ changed drastically since 2010 ” and was preparing to travel to Russia ’ s turbulent Caucasus to connect with underground militant groups . Six months later , Russia sent the same warning to the C . I . A . On April 15 , law enforcement officials say , Mr . Tsarnaev and his younger brother , Dzhokhar , set off bombs at the Boston Marathon , killing three people and maiming many others . The Russian warnings to the F . B . I . and the C . I . A . also raised questions about Mr . Tsarnaev ’ s mother , Zubeidat , according to two senior American officials . The Russians were most concerned about Mr . Tsarnaev because they had information that he planned to travel to Russia , according to one of the officials . “ The Russians were concerned that mother and son were very religious and strong believers , and they could be militants if they returned to Russia , ” the other official said . The mother , the officials said , did not fit the profile of a potential extremist , leading American counterterrorism officials to not express much concern about her . They did not set up a travel alert on her , for instance , one of the officials said . But they nonetheless added her name to the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment , or TIDE database , when Tamerlan ’ s name was added to it in October 2011 , the official said .

WASHINGTON — In March 2011, the Russian security service sent a stark warning to the F.B.I., reporting that Tamerlan Tsarnaev was “a follower of radical Islam” who had “changed drastically since 2010” and was preparing to travel to Russia’s turbulent Caucasus to connect with underground militant groups. Six months later, Russia sent the same warning to the C.I.A.On April 15, law enforcement officials say, Mr. Tsarnaev and his younger brother, Dzhokhar, set off bombs at the Boston Marathon, killing three people and maiming many others.The Russian warnings to the F.B.I. and the C.I.A. also raised questions about Mr. Tsarnaev’s mother, Zubeidat, according to two senior American officials. The Russians were most concerned about Mr. Tsarnaev because they had information that he planned to travel to Russia, according to one of the officials. “The Russians were concerned that mother and son were very religious and strong believers, and they could be militants if they returned to Russia,” the other official said.The mother, the officials said, did not fit the profile of a potential extremist, leading American counterterrorism officials to not express much concern about her. They did not set up a travel alert on her, for instance, one of the officials said. But they nonetheless added her name to the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment, or TIDE database, when Tamerlan’s name was added to it in October 2011, the official said.

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