The Taliban killed more than 100 members of the Afghan security forces inside a military compound in central Maidan Wardak province on Monday , a senior defense official said . " We have information that 126 people have been killed in the explosion inside the military training center , eight special commandoes are among the dead , " said a senior official in the defense ministry in Kabul , speaking on condition of anonymity . The official said the assault began on Monday morning when the attackers rammed a car full explosives through a military checkpoint and detonated the vehicle inside the campus of the National Directorate of Security ( NDS ) forces training center in Maidan Shahr , the capital of Maidan Wardak province . Two gunmen entered the campus right after the explosion and shot at many Afghan soldiers before being gunned down during the clashes . Defense ministry officials said the Taliban had used U . S . - made armored Humvee vehicles captured from Afghan forces as a car bomb in order to breach the military fortifications . A second source residing in Maidan Wardak province said more than 100 members of National Directorate of Security ( NDS ) were killed in the complex attack . " I have been in touch with the NDS official in the province and they told me that over 100 members of the NDS were killed in the big explosion , " the former provincial official said . Sharif Hotak , a member of the provincial council in Maidan Wardak said he saw bodies of 35 Afghan forces in the hospital . " Many more were killed . Several bodies were transported to Kabul city and many injured were transferred to hospitals in Kabul , " said Hotak , adding that " the government was hiding the accurate casualty figures to prevent a further dip in the morale of the Afghan forces . " " The explosion was very powerful . The whole building has collapsed , " he said . Government officials in Maidan Wardak and Kabul declined to comment when asked if they were obscuring the death toll . Two senior officials in the interior ministry said the exact casualty figures were not being disclosed to prevent unrest within the armed forces . " I have been told not to make the death toll figures public . It is frustrating to hide the facts , " said a senior interior ministry official in Kabul . A senior NDS official in Kabul said at least 50 people were killed or wounded in the complex attack . Abdurrahman Mangal , spokesman for the provincial governor in Maidan Wardak said 12 people were killed and 12 were injured when the car bomb exploded near the Afghan special forces unit . President Ashraf Ghani ' s office in a statement said the " enemies of the country " had carried out an attack against NDS personnel in Maidan Shahr . " They killed and wounded a number of our beloved and honest sons . " Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan condemned the attack on Monday evening and extended his condolences to Ghani . Meanwhile , the Taliban said it met with U . S . officials in Qatar on Monday , in the latest round of talks between the insurgents and Washington aimed at bringing an end to the 17 - year war . The U . S . has not officially commented on the reported meeting , which follows the last confirmed talks between the two parties in the UAE in December . " Following American acceptance of the agenda of ending the occupation of Afghanistan and preventing Afghanistan from being used against other countries in the future , talks with American representatives took place today in Doha , the capital of Qatar , " Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said in a statement . Taliban representatives have met several times with U . S . officials in recent months , but last week threatened to suspend the fledgling process , lambasting Washington for changing the agenda of the talks and " unilaterally " adding new subjects . The insurgents have long refused to hold direct talks with the Kabul government -- despite U . S . pleas -- which the Taliban dismisses as a puppet of Washington . In recent years the Afghan government has stopped releasing detailed casualty figures . Last year Ghani has said 28 , 000 Afghan police officers and soldiers have been killed since 2015 , breaking the longstanding suppression on casualty data . Taliban insurgents claimed responsibility for the attack . Zabiullah Mujahid , a spokesman for the hardline terrorist group said they have killed 190 people in the complex attack . Last week , Taliban fighters set off a car bomb outside a highly fortified compound killing at least five people and wounding more than 110 Afghans and expatriates in the capital , Kabul . On Sunday , a suicide bombing in the southeastern province of Logar left eight policemen dead and another 10 wounded . The Taliban bombing targeted the provincial governor ' s convoy in Mohammad Agha district . The provincial governor and spy chief traveling in the convoy were unharmed . The Taliban have ramped up their attacks on security forces and government facilities in recent months , while Afghan and U . S . troops have increased operations against the militants ' field commanders . Military sources say around 35 members of the country ' s security forces are killed every day in attacks and clashes . This is while the U . S . is still considering a significant troop drawdown in Afghanistan . Around 14 , 000 U . S . troops are stationed in the country , coupled with around 7 , 500 troops from other allied nations , according to RAND , a U . S . government research organization . In a report on Sunday , RAND said that if the U . S . considers " an early and complete or near - complete departure unrelated to a negotiated peace settlement , " it could push Afghanistan into a civil war while the Taliban would expand their control throughout the country . If the withdrawal does take place , RAND noted , " the major advances that Afghans have achieved in democracy , press freedom , human rights , women ' s emancipation , literacy , longevity , and living standards will be rolled back throughout the country . "

The Taliban killed more than 100 members of the Afghan security forces inside a military compound in central Maidan Wardak province on Monday, a senior defense official said."We have information that 126 people have been killed in the explosion inside the military training center, eight special commandoes are among the dead," said a senior official in the defense ministry in Kabul, speaking on condition of anonymity.The official said the assault began on Monday morning when the attackers rammed a car full explosives through a military checkpoint and detonated the vehicle inside the campus of the National Directorate of Security (NDS) forces training center in Maidan Shahr, the capital of Maidan Wardak province.Two gunmen entered the campus right after the explosion and shot at many Afghan soldiers before being gunned down during the clashes.Defense ministry officials said the Taliban had used U.S.-made armored Humvee vehicles captured from Afghan forces as a car bomb in order to breach the military fortifications.A second source residing in Maidan Wardak province said more than 100 members of National Directorate of Security (NDS) were killed in the complex attack."I have been in touch with the NDS official in the province and they told me that over 100 members of the NDS were killed in the big explosion," the former provincial official said.Sharif Hotak, a member of the provincial council in Maidan Wardak said he saw bodies of 35 Afghan forces in the hospital."Many more were killed. Several bodies were transported to Kabul city and many injured were transferred to hospitals in Kabul," said Hotak, adding that "the government was hiding the accurate casualty figures to prevent a further dip in the morale of the Afghan forces.""The explosion was very powerful. The whole building has collapsed," he said.Government officials in Maidan Wardak and Kabul declined to comment when asked if they were obscuring the death toll.Two senior officials in the interior ministry said the exact casualty figures were not being disclosed to prevent unrest within the armed forces."I have been told not to make the death toll figures public. It is frustrating to hide the facts," said a senior interior ministry official in Kabul.A senior NDS official in Kabul said at least 50 people were killed or wounded in the complex attack.Abdurrahman Mangal, spokesman for the provincial governor in Maidan Wardak said 12 people were killed and 12 were injured when the car bomb exploded near the Afghan special forces unit.President Ashraf Ghani's office in a statement said the "enemies of the country" had carried out an attack against NDS personnel in Maidan Shahr. "They killed and wounded a number of our beloved and honest sons."Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan condemned the attack on Monday evening and extended his condolences to Ghani.Meanwhile, the Taliban said it met with U.S. officials in Qatar on Monday, in the latest round of talks between the insurgents and Washington aimed at bringing an end to the 17-year war.The U.S. has not officially commented on the reported meeting, which follows the last confirmed talks between the two parties in the UAE in December."Following American acceptance of the agenda of ending the occupation of Afghanistan and preventing Afghanistan from being used against other countries in the future, talks with American representatives took place today in Doha, the capital of Qatar," Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said in a statement.Taliban representatives have met several times with U.S. officials in recent months, but last week threatened to suspend the fledgling process, lambasting Washington for changing the agenda of the talks and "unilaterally" adding new subjects.The insurgents have long refused to hold direct talks with the Kabul government -- despite U.S. pleas -- which the Taliban dismisses as a puppet of Washington.In recent years the Afghan government has stopped releasing detailed casualty figures. Last year Ghani has said 28,000 Afghan police officers and soldiers have been killed since 2015, breaking the longstanding suppression on casualty data.Taliban insurgents claimed responsibility for the attack. Zabiullah Mujahid, a spokesman for the hardline terrorist group said they have killed 190 people in the complex attack.Last week, Taliban fighters set off a car bomb outside a highly fortified compound killing at least five people and wounding more than 110 Afghans and expatriates in the capital, Kabul.On Sunday, a suicide bombing in the southeastern province of Logar left eight policemen dead and another 10 wounded.The Taliban bombing targeted the provincial governor's convoy in Mohammad Agha district. The provincial governor and spy chief traveling in the convoy were unharmed.The Taliban have ramped up their attacks on security forces and government facilities in recent months, while Afghan and U.S. troops have increased operations against the militants' field commanders.Military sources say around 35 members of the country's security forces are killed every day in attacks and clashes.This is while the U.S. is still considering a significant troop drawdown in Afghanistan. Around 14,000 U.S. troops are stationed in the country, coupled with around 7,500 troops from other allied nations, according to RAND, a U.S. government research organization.In a report on Sunday, RAND said that if the U.S. considers "an early and complete or near-complete departure unrelated to a negotiated peace settlement," it could push Afghanistan into a civil war while the Taliban would expand their control throughout the country.If the withdrawal does take place, RAND noted, "the major advances that Afghans have achieved in democracy, press freedom, human rights, women's emancipation, literacy, longevity, and living standards will be rolled back throughout the country."

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Thank you , your Honor , for giving me an opportunity to speak . I would like to begin in the name of Allah , the exalted and glorious , the most gracious , the most merciful , “ Allah ” among the most beautiful names . Any act that does not begin in the name of God is separate from goodness . This is the blessed month of Ramadan , and it is the month of mercy from Allah to his creation , a month to ask forgiveness of Allah and of his creation , a month to express gratitude to Allah and to his creation . It ’ s the month of reconciliation , a month of patience , a month during which hearts change . Indeed , a month of many blessings . The Prophet Muhammad , peace and blessings be upon him , said if you have not thanked the people , you have not thanked God . So I would like to first thank my attorneys , those who sit at this table , the table behind me , and many more behind the scenes . They have done much good for me , for my family . They made my life the last two years very easy . I cherish their company . They ’ re lovely companions . I thank you . Advertisement I would like to thank those who took time out of their daily lives to come and testify on my behalf despite the pressure . I ’ d like to thank the jury for their service , and the Court . The Prophet Muhammad , peace and blessings be upon him , said that if you do not -- if you are not merciful to Allah ’ s creation , Allah will not be merciful to you , so I ’ d like to now apologize to the victims , to the survivors . Advertisement Immediately after the bombing , which I am guilty of -- if there ’ s any lingering doubt about that , let there be no more . I did do it along with my brother -- I learned of some of the victims . I learned their names , their faces , their age . And throughout this trial more of those victims were given names , more of those victims had faces , and they had burdened souls . Now , all those who got up on that witness stand and that podium related to us -- to me -- I was listening -- the suffering that was and the hardship that still is , with strength and with patience and with dignity . Now , Allah says in the Qur ’ an that no soul is burdened with more than it can bear , and you told us just how unbearable it was , how horrendous it was , this thing I put you through . And I know that you kept that much . I know that there isn ’ t enough time in the day for you to have related to us everything . I also wish that far more people had a chance to get up there , but I took them from you . Now , I am sorry for the lives that I ’ ve taken , for the suffering that I ’ ve caused you , for the damage that I ’ ve done . Irreparable damage . Now , I am a Muslim . My religion is Islam . The God I worship , besides whom there is no other God , is Allah . And I prayed for Allah to bestow his mercy upon the deceased , those affected in the bombing and their families . Allah says in the Qur ’ an that with every hardship there is relief . I pray for your relief , for your healing , for your well - being , for your strength . Advertisement I ask Allah to have mercy upon me and my brother and my family . I ask Allah to bestow his mercy upon those present here today . And Allah knows best those deserving of his mercy . And I ask Allah to have mercy upon the ummah of Prophet Muhammad , peace and blessings be upon him . Amin . Praise be to Allah , the Lord of the Worlds . Thank you . Milton J . Valencia can be reached at mvalencia @ globe . com . Follow him on Twitter @ miltonvalencia .

Thank you, your Honor, for giving me an opportunity to speak. I would like to begin in the name of Allah, the exalted and glorious, the most gracious, the most merciful, “Allah” among the most beautiful names. Any act that does not begin in the name of God is separate from goodness.This is the blessed month of Ramadan, and it is the month of mercy from Allah to his creation, a month to ask forgiveness of Allah and of his creation, a month to express gratitude to Allah and to his creation. It’s the month of reconciliation, a month of patience, a month during which hearts change. Indeed, a month of many blessings.The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said if you have not thanked the people, you have not thanked God. So I would like to first thank my attorneys, those who sit at this table, the table behind me, and many more behind the scenes. They have done much good for me, for my family. They made my life the last two years very easy. I cherish their company. They’re lovely companions. I thank you.AdvertisementI would like to thank those who took time out of their daily lives to come and testify on my behalf despite the pressure. I’d like to thank the jury for their service, and the Court. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said that if you do not -- if you are not merciful to Allah’s creation, Allah will not be merciful to you, so I’d like to now apologize to the victims, to the survivors.AdvertisementImmediately after the bombing, which I am guilty of -- if there’s any lingering doubt about that, let there be no more. I did do it along with my brother -- I learned of some of the victims. I learned their names, their faces, their age. And throughout this trial more of those victims were given names, more of those victims had faces, and they had burdened souls.Now, all those who got up on that witness stand and that podium related to us -- to me -- I was listening -- the suffering that was and the hardship that still is, with strength and with patience and with dignity. Now, Allah says in the Qur’an that no soul is burdened with more than it can bear, and you told us just how unbearable it was, how horrendous it was, this thing I put you through. And I know that you kept that much. I know that there isn’t enough time in the day for you to have related to us everything. I also wish that far more people had a chance to get up there, but I took them from you.Now, I am sorry for the lives that I’ve taken, for the suffering that I’ve caused you, for the damage that I’ve done. Irreparable damage.Now, I am a Muslim. My religion is Islam. The God I worship, besides whom there is no other God, is Allah. And I prayed for Allah to bestow his mercy upon the deceased, those affected in the bombing and their families. Allah says in the Qur’an that with every hardship there is relief. I pray for your relief, for your healing, for your well-being, for your strength.AdvertisementI ask Allah to have mercy upon me and my brother and my family. I ask Allah to bestow his mercy upon those present here today. And Allah knows best those deserving of his mercy. And I ask Allah to have mercy upon the ummah of Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Amin. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.Thank you.Milton J. Valencia can be reached at mvalencia@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @miltonvalencia.

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Boston Marathon Bomber Apologizes to Survivors BOSTON — Moments before a federal judge sentenced him to death , Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev rose to his feet Wednesday and apologized to the victims and their loved ones for the first time . " I pray for your relief , for your healing , ' ' he said . Amid deep silence in the courtroom , the 21 - year - old ethnic Chechen said , " I am sorry for the lives that I ' ve taken , for the suffering that I ' ve caused you , for the damage that I ' ve done — irreparable damage . ' ' It was the first time Tsarnaev , who did not speak in his own defense at trial , had addressed the court . After Tsarnaev finished , U . S . District Judge George O ' Toole Jr . began to speak , with his voice breaking several times . He officially imposed the death sentence on Tsarnaev that jurors had recommended unanimously . In May , after a 12 - week trial , Tsarnaev was found guilty of killing three people and injuring 264 in the April 15 , 2013 , bombing at the world - renowned race , where he and his brother , Tamerlan , 26 , set off two pressure - cooker bombs near the finish line . Tsarnaev was also found guilty in the fatal shooting of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer three days later as he and his brother fled . Tamerlan was killed during the getaway . Tsarnaev was found guilty of all 30 terrorism and other charges against him . Of those , 17 carried the possibility of a death sentence . During the penalty phase of the judicial proceedings , prosecutors brushed off defense arguments that Tsarnaev was under the strong influence of his older , radicalized brother . Victims speak out Before the sentencing , a somber - looking Tsarnaev , wearing a dark sport jacket with a collared shirt and no tie , sat between his lawyers and listened as 24 people — some victims , some survivors — gave impact statements . They lashed out at him for his “ cowardly ” and “ disgusting ” acts , and several called upon him to apologize , trying to convince him that this would be his last chance to ask for forgiveness . Tsarnaev , his chair turned toward the lectern from which the victims spoke , picked at his beard and gazed downward most of the time , only occasionally looking at the speakers . Patricia Campbell , the mother of Krystle Campbell , 29 , who was killed in the attack , was the first person to address the court . She looked across the room at Tsarnaev , seated about 20 feet away , and spoke directly to him . “ What you did to my daughter is disgusting , ” she said . “ I don ' t know what to say to you . I think the jury did the right thing . ” Krystle Campbell ' s best friend , Karen Rand McWatters , who lost a leg in the attack , said Tsarnaev " can ' t possibly have had a soul to do such a horrible thing . ” In a message he scrawled in the boat he was found hiding in , Tsarnaev said the attack was retaliation against the U . S . for its wars in Muslim countries . McWatters urged Tsarnaev to show remorse to discourage other jihadis from killing people in similar attacks . “ You can save them from these cowardly acts if you really have an ounce of regret , ” she said . Rebekah Gregory , a Texas woman who lost a leg in the bombing , defiantly told Tsarnaev she was not his victim . “ While your intention was to destroy America , what you have really accomplished is actually quite the opposite — you ' ve unified us , ” she said . " We are Boston strong , we are America strong , and choosing to mess with us was a terrible idea . So how ' s that for your VICTIM impact statement ? ” ' He is a leech ' Several victims condemned Tsarnaev for coming to the U . S . as an immigrant from Russia , enjoying the benefits of living here and then attacking American citizens . “ He is a leech , abusing the privilege of American freedom , and he spit in the face of the American dream , ” said Jennifer Rogers , an older sister of slain MIT Officer Sean Collier . Bill Richard , whose 8 - year - old son , Martin , was the youngest person killed in the bombing , said Tsarnaev could have backed out of the plot and reported his brother to authorities . Instead , Richard said , “ he chose hate . He chose destruction . He chose death . This is all on him . ” Richard noted that his family would have preferred that Tsarnaev receive a life sentence so that he could have had “ a lifetime to reconcile with himself what he did that day . ” Richard said his family has chosen love , kindness and peace , adding : “ That is what makes us different than him . ” Fatima Tlisova of VOA ' s Russian service contributed to this report from Boston . Some information for this report came from Reuters and AP .

Boston Marathon Bomber Apologizes to SurvivorsBOSTON — Moments before a federal judge sentenced him to death, Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev rose to his feet Wednesday and apologized to the victims and their loved ones for the first time."I pray for your relief, for your healing,'' he said.Amid deep silence in the courtroom, the 21-year-old ethnic Chechen said, "I am sorry for the lives that I've taken, for the suffering that I've caused you, for the damage that I've done — irreparable damage.''It was the first time Tsarnaev, who did not speak in his own defense at trial, had addressed the court.After Tsarnaev finished, U.S. District Judge George O'Toole Jr. began to speak, with his voice breaking several times. He officially imposed the death sentence on Tsarnaev that jurors had recommended unanimously.In May, after a 12-week trial, Tsarnaev was found guilty of killing three people and injuring 264 in the April 15, 2013, bombing at the world-renowned race, where he and his brother, Tamerlan, 26, set off two pressure-cooker bombs near the finish line.Tsarnaev was also found guilty in the fatal shooting of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer three days later as he and his brother fled. Tamerlan was killed during the getaway.Tsarnaev was found guilty of all 30 terrorism and other charges against him. Of those, 17 carried the possibility of a death sentence.During the penalty phase of the judicial proceedings, prosecutors brushed off defense arguments that Tsarnaev was under the strong influence of his older, radicalized brother.Victims speak outBefore the sentencing, a somber-looking Tsarnaev, wearing a dark sport jacket with a collared shirt and no tie, sat between his lawyers and listened as 24 people — some victims, some survivors — gave impact statements. They lashed out at him for his “cowardly” and “disgusting” acts, and several called upon him to apologize, trying to convince him that this would be his last chance to ask for forgiveness.Tsarnaev, his chair turned toward the lectern from which the victims spoke, picked at his beard and gazed downward most of the time, only occasionally looking at the speakers.Patricia Campbell, the mother of Krystle Campbell, 29, who was killed in the attack, was the first person to address the court. She looked across the room at Tsarnaev, seated about 20 feet away, and spoke directly to him.“What you did to my daughter is disgusting,” she said. “I don't know what to say to you. I think the jury did the right thing.”Krystle Campbell's best friend, Karen Rand McWatters, who lost a leg in the attack, said Tsarnaev "can't possibly have had a soul to do such a horrible thing.”In a message he scrawled in the boat he was found hiding in, Tsarnaev said the attack was retaliation against the U.S. for its wars in Muslim countries. McWatters urged Tsarnaev to show remorse to discourage other jihadis from killing people in similar attacks. “You can save them from these cowardly acts if you really have an ounce of regret,” she said.Rebekah Gregory, a Texas woman who lost a leg in the bombing, defiantly told Tsarnaev she was not his victim.“While your intention was to destroy America, what you have really accomplished is actually quite the opposite — you've unified us,” she said. "We are Boston strong, we are America strong, and choosing to mess with us was a terrible idea. So how's that for your VICTIM impact statement?”'He is a leech'Several victims condemned Tsarnaev for coming to the U.S. as an immigrant from Russia, enjoying the benefits of living here and then attacking American citizens.“He is a leech, abusing the privilege of American freedom, and he spit in the face of the American dream,” said Jennifer Rogers, an older sister of slain MIT Officer Sean Collier.Bill Richard, whose 8-year-old son, Martin, was the youngest person killed in the bombing, said Tsarnaev could have backed out of the plot and reported his brother to authorities. Instead, Richard said, “he chose hate. He chose destruction. He chose death. This is all on him.”Richard noted that his family would have preferred that Tsarnaev receive a life sentence so that he could have had “a lifetime to reconcile with himself what he did that day.”Richard said his family has chosen love, kindness and peace, adding: “That is what makes us different than him.”Fatima Tlisova of VOA's Russian service contributed to this report from Boston. Some information for this report came from Reuters and AP.

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There were ten times more air strikes in the covert war on terror during President Barack Obama ’ s presidency than under his predecessor , George W . Bush . Obama embraced the US drone programme , overseeing more strikes in his first year than Bush carried out during his entire presidency . A total of 563 strikes , largely by drones , targeted Pakistan , Somalia and Yemen during Obama ’ s two terms , compared to 57 strikes under Bush . Between 384 and 807 civilians were killed in those countries , according to reports logged by the Bureau . The use of drones aligned with Obama ’ s ambition to keep up the war against al Qaeda while extricating the US military from intractable , costly ground wars in the Middle East and Asia . But the targeted killing programme has drawn much criticism . The Obama administration has insisted that drone strikes are so “ exceptionally surgical and precise ” that they pluck off terror suspects while not putting “ innocent men , women and children in danger ” . This claim has been contested by numerous human rights groups , however , and the Bureau ’ s figures on civilian casualties also demonstrate that this is often not the case . The White House released long - awaited figures last July on the number of people killed in drone strikes between January 2009 and the end of 2015 , an announcement which insiders said was a direct response to pressure from the Bureau and other organisations that collect data . However the US ’ s estimate of the number of civilians killed – between 64 and 116 – contrasted strongly with the number recorded by the Bureau , which at 380 to 801 was six times higher . That figure does not include deaths in active battlefields including Afghanistan – where US air attacks have shot up since Obama withdrew the majority of his troops at the end of 2014 . The country has since come under frequent US bombardment , in an unreported war that saw 1 , 337 weapons dropped last year alone – a 40 % rise on 2015 . Afghan civilian casualties have been high , with the United Nations ( UN ) reporting at least 85 deaths in 2016 . The Bureau recorded 65 to 105 civilian deaths during this period . We did not start collecting data on Afghanistan until 2015 . Pakistan was the hub of drone operations during Obama ’ s first term . The pace of attacks had accelerated in the second half of 2008 at the end of Bush ’ s term , after four years pocked by occasional strikes . However in the year after taking office , Obama ordered more drone strikes than Bush did during his entire presidency . The 54 strikes in 2009 all took place in Pakistan .

There were ten times more air strikes in the covert war on terror during President Barack Obama’s presidency than under his predecessor, George W. Bush.Obama embraced the US drone programme, overseeing more strikes in his first year than Bush carried out during his entire presidency. A total of 563 strikes, largely by drones, targeted Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen during Obama’s two terms, compared to 57 strikes under Bush. Between 384 and 807 civilians were killed in those countries, according to reports logged by the Bureau.The use of drones aligned with Obama’s ambition to keep up the war against al Qaeda while extricating the US military from intractable, costly ground wars in the Middle East and Asia. But the targeted killing programme has drawn much criticism.The Obama administration has insisted that drone strikes are so “exceptionally surgical and precise” that they pluck off terror suspects while not putting “innocent men, women and children in danger”. This claim has been contested by numerous human rights groups, however, and the Bureau’s figures on civilian casualties also demonstrate that this is often not the case.The White House released long-awaited figures last July on the number of people killed in drone strikes between January 2009 and the end of 2015, an announcement which insiders said was a direct response to pressure from the Bureau and other organisations that collect data. However the US’s estimate of the number of civilians killed – between 64 and 116 – contrasted strongly with the number recorded by the Bureau, which at 380 to 801 was six times higher.That figure does not include deaths in active battlefields including Afghanistan – where US air attacks have shot up since Obama withdrew the majority of his troops at the end of 2014. The country has since come under frequent US bombardment, in an unreported war that saw 1,337 weapons dropped last year alone – a 40% rise on 2015.Afghan civilian casualties have been high, with the United Nations (UN) reporting at least 85 deaths in 2016. The Bureau recorded 65 to 105 civilian deaths during this period. We did not start collecting data on Afghanistan until 2015.Pakistan was the hub of drone operations during Obama’s first term. The pace of attacks had accelerated in the second half of 2008 at the end of Bush’s term, after four years pocked by occasional strikes. However in the year after taking office, Obama ordered more drone strikes than Bush did during his entire presidency. The 54 strikes in 2009 all took place in Pakistan.

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On 27 August 1975 a Provisional IRA bomb exploded without warning at the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham , Surrey , England . There were no fatalities but 33 people were injured , some severely . Two off - duty soldiers lost their legs as a result of the bombing . == Background == In February 1975 the Provisional Irish Republican Army agreed to a truce and ceasefire with the British government and the Northern Ireland Office . Seven " incident centres " were established in Irish nationalist areas in Northern Ireland to monitor the ceasefire and the activity of the security forces . Before the truce , the IRA active service unit ( ASU ) later dubbed the Balcombe Street Gang ( due to the December 1975 Balcombe Street siege ) had been carrying out bomb and gun attacks in Southern England since autumn 1974 , mostly in and around London . Their last previous attack was an assassination attempt on former Prime Minister Edward Heath but he was not home when the attackers threw a bomb into his bedroom window on 22 December 1974 . == The bombing == The Balcombe Street Gang planted a time bomb in the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham , Surrey . The IRA unit placed the 7lb bomb in a duffel bag under a seat . There was no warning and the bomb exploded at 9 : 20 , injuring 23 civilians and 10 off - duty soldiers . The pub was used by members of the Welsh Guards who were based at the barracks nearby . Some of the injuries were very serious , with at least three soldiers losing limbs . The blast blew the roof off the pub in the process . This attack marked the start of a renewed bombing campaign ( Phase Two ) in England and the end of the truce with the British Government . The next day , the same IRA unit exploded a bomb in Oxford Street , injuring several people . == Aftermath == One of the police officers in charge of the investigation into the bombing described it as a " carbon copy " of the Guildford pub bombings in October 1974 for which four people were already serving their sentences . The cell ' s campaign would continue until December 1975 when they were caught at the siege of Balcombe Street . The unit would eventually end up planting close to 50 bombs in London and elsewhere in southern England and carrying out several shootings which , along with the bombings , caused the deaths of nearly 20 people , injured hundreds and caused millions of pounds worth of damage to property . == See also == * Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions ( 1970 – 79 ) == References ==

On 27 August 1975 a Provisional IRA bomb exploded without warning at the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey, England. There were no fatalities but 33 people were injured, some severely. Two off-duty soldiers lost their legs as a result of the bombing.==Background==In February 1975 the Provisional Irish Republican Army agreed to a truce and ceasefire with the British government and the Northern Ireland Office. Seven "incident centres" were established in Irish nationalist areas in Northern Ireland to monitor the ceasefire and the activity of the security forces. Before the truce, the IRA active service unit (ASU) later dubbed the Balcombe Street Gang (due to the December 1975 Balcombe Street siege) had been carrying out bomb and gun attacks in Southern England since autumn 1974, mostly in and around London. Their last previous attack was an assassination attempt on former Prime Minister Edward Heath but he was not home when the attackers threw a bomb into his bedroom window on 22 December 1974.==The bombing==The Balcombe Street Gang planted a time bomb in the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey. The IRA unit placed the 7lb bomb in a duffel bag under a seat. There was no warning and the bomb exploded at 9:20, injuring 23 civilians and 10 off-duty soldiers. The pub was used by members of the Welsh Guards who were based at the barracks nearby. Some of the injuries were very serious, with at least three soldiers losing limbs. The blast blew the roof off the pub in the process. This attack marked the start of a renewed bombing campaign (Phase Two) in England and the end of the truce with the British Government. The next day, the same IRA unit exploded a bomb in Oxford Street, injuring several people.==Aftermath==One of the police officers in charge of the investigation into the bombing described it as a "carbon copy" of the Guildford pub bombings in October 1974 for which four people were already serving their sentences. The cell's campaign would continue until December 1975 when they were caught at the siege of Balcombe Street. The unit would eventually end up planting close to 50 bombs in London and elsewhere in southern England and carrying out several shootings which, along with the bombings, caused the deaths of nearly 20 people, injured hundreds and caused millions of pounds worth of damage to property.==See also==*Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1970–79)== References ==

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New York Gov . Andrew Cuomo ( D ) said Sunday that there is “ no evidence of an international terrorism connection ” in the explosion in Chelsea , though he stopped short of saying whoever caused the incident did not want to incite terror . AD “ It depends on your definition of terrorism , ” Cuomo said . “ A bomb exploding in New York is obviously an act of terrorism , but it ’ s not linked to international terrorism . In other words , we find no ISIS connections . ” AD He said later : “ This is the nightmare scenario . ” Not long after the blast , police said they had found another possible explosive device just blocks away . This device appeared to be similar to a pressure cooker and had wiring on it , according to a law enforcement official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the ongoing investigation . Pressure cookers were used in the two bombs detonated at the Boston Marathon in 2013 . The bomb squad safely removed the second device , New York police tweeted early Sunday . Police officers , firefighters and other first responders had rushed to the scene of the blast , which closed a major roadway and forced people out of nearby buildings . New York Mayor Bill de Blasio ( D ) said Sunday that the explosion was “ intentional , ” but noted that few details were available because the investigation was in its early stages . “ We know there was a bombing , ” de Blasio said . “ We know it was a very serious incident , but we have a lot more work to do to be able to say what kind of motivation was behind this . ” AD AD He also echoed his comments from Saturday night that there was no specific , credible threat against New York from any terrorist group . The FBI and NYPD are trying to understand what motivation lay behind the blast . “ We will look at individuals . We will look at associations . We will look at social media , ” William Sweeney , Assistant Director in Charge of the FBI New York Field Office , said . “ Until we have that information it is not fair for us to give a conclusion [ as to motivation ] , ” DeBlasio said . “ Let the law enforcement experts draw the conclusions . ” Police Commissioner James O ’ Neill , whose first day in the position was Saturday , told reporters on Sunday that police were still gathering evidence . AD “ We did find some components indicative of an IED … that went off intentionally , ” O ’ Neill said . Late Saturday , police had ruled out natural gas as a possible cause of the blast . AD The New York Police Department ’ s counterterrorism bureau responded to the explosion , along with officials with the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives . While O ’ Neill said authorities were still trying to determine what , precisely , exploded , the NYPD counterterrorism bureau posted a photo online earlier Saturday showing what appeared to be a dumpster or garbage container mangled by a blast : Police in New York also reported shortly after 11 p . m . that they had found the “ possible secondary device ” a few blocks away from the Chelsea explosion scene , on 27th Street between Sixth and Seventh avenues . Police directed people away from that intersection , and one officer could be heard telling pedestrians that “ there is a possible explosive ” in the area . AD Not long after midnight , police said in a statement that they were asking people in the area of this potential explosive to move away from their windows “ until we clear the suspicious package , ” although officers did not fully evacuate the area . AD According to the Associated Press , the second device was removed with a robot and taken to the department firing range in the Bronx . O ’ Neill said Sunday that two “ very dedicated ” former New York state troopers had responded to the initial report of the blast last night . In a search for other explosives , they had parked their vehicle on 27th Street . Walking down the block , they found the second , unexploded device , O ’ Neill said . AD Reports of another suspicious package at 28th Street and Fifth Avenue turned out to be a false alarm — the package was only garbage , J . Peter Donald , a police spokesman , posted on Twitter around 12 : 30 a . m . Sunday . The Chelsea explosion occurred about 11 hours after a pipe bomb exploded in a Jersey Shore garbage can , shortly before a scheduled charity 5K race there benefiting Marines and Navy sailors . AD Authorities have said they have not yet found anything connecting the Chelsea and New Jersey incidents but are continuing to investigate . On Sunday , Cuomo said the “ bombs ” in Chelsea “ appear to be different ” from those discovered earlier in the day in New Jersey , though the devices from both states were being shipped to the FBI lab in Quantico for further assessment . He said the devices in New Jersey were “ pipe bombs , ” and those in Chelsea were not . Cuomo said agents in New York were in touch with those in New Jersey . AD Cuomo said officials “ have no reason to believe at this time that there is any further immediate threat , ” though the National Guard and the New York State Police were deploying an additional 1 , 000 personnel to bus terminals , airports and subways “ just to err on the side of caution . ” AD Cuomo said the blast in Chelsea “ caused significant property damage , ” though he a nearby subway station was structurally safe . He said law enforcement would work diligently to identify and locate those responsible . “ Whoever placed these bombs , we will find , and they will be brought to justice , ” Cuomo said . The explosion in the area of 23rd Street between Sixth and Seventh avenues occurred about 8 : 30 p . m . police said . Several of those injured were brought to area hospitals , Donald , the police spokesman , posted on Twitter . AD All victims were treated and released by Sunday morning , Cuomo said . A spokeswoman for Lenox Health Greenwich Village , which treated nine of the victims , said patients were treated for minor injuries that included lacerations to the head and body . Other hospitals declined to provide specifics about the extent of patients ’ injuries from the explosion . AD Photos and accounts posted on social media Saturday night showed large crowds — as well as a large law enforcement presence — in the area near where the explosion occurred . Soleil Filomena , 64 , was leaving a convenience store at Seventh Avenue and 23rd Street when she heard the explosion . “ It was so loud it just went through my whole body , ” she said . “ People started running up 23rd Street , and I started running with them . ” AD Filomena said she saw a “ big black cloud in the sky . ” After the explosion , she said her “ ear was ringing for 15 minutes . ” When Keith Salomon of Delaware felt the explosion , he was having dinner a block and a half from the site of the blast . His chair and table shook , he said , and he saw people being taken away in ambulances . “ We didn ’ t know what it was and so , at first , we just kept eating , ” said Salomon , 52 , who was visiting his son in the city . “ But then we realized something was wrong . ” Others did not hear the explosion but saw the aftermath . When Jacob Schulman left his apartment a few blocks away shortly before 9 p . m . , he saw people running and screaming . AD “ I didn ’ t know what was going on , but everyone looked so panicked . I started running . too , ” said Schulman , 26 , who has lived in the neighborhood since 2014 . Two blocks from the blast scene , a group of people emerged from a screening of the animated movie “ Beauty and the Beast ” and saw the flashing lights . One man who came out of the theater said he could not hear anything and had no idea about the explosion not far from where he was sitting . President Obama was briefed on the situation in New York and will be updated as more information becomes available , a White House official said late Saturday . Speaking in Colorado not long after the explosion , Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump quickly commented on the situation before much information was known . “ I must tell you that just before I got off the plane , a bomb went off in New York and nobody knows exactly what ’ s going on , ” said Trump shortly after getting off of his plane . His comments were made before authorities confirmed the nature of the explosion . Late Saturday , Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton said it was important to “ know the facts ” before drawing conclusions about such incidents . Early Sunday , posts on social media from people in New York showed the area of the explosion to be relatively calm and quiet . Authorities had closed large swaths of roads in the area Saturday night . On Sunday , several roads had reopened but there remained a large police presence in the area . The explosion in New York comes as foreign leaders , including many heads of state , are heading to Manhattan for the United Nations General Assembly . Secretary of State John F . Kerry arrived Saturday , while Obama is scheduled to head to the city on Monday . This annual meeting — held more than two miles from the site of the explosion in Chelsea — is traditionally a challenging time for New York , as many roads are shut down and the heavy security leads to traffic jams . The FBI still has no determination as to motive , said a law enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation is ongoing . Agents are examining the detonated material from the first device as well as studying the second , which appeared to resemble a pressure cooker . They are also looking at video from security cameras , social media — “ all the logical leads , ” the official said . The explosion in Chelsea coincided with a separate attack that took place in Minnesota Saturday night , in which a man stabbed eight people in a St . Cloud mall before he was killed by an off - duty police officer . On Sunday , an ISIS - linked news agency claimed the mall attacker was “ a soldier of the Islamic State . ” An FBI spokesman said in an emailed statement that the agency had not determined whether the stabbings were related to the bombing in Manhattan the same night . Speaking to CNN ’ s Jake Tapper on Sunday morning , New Jersey Gov . Chris Christie ( R ) said there were no known links so far between the incident in New Jersey and those in New York and Minnesota . Authorities urged any witnesses with tips , video or other credible information about the explosion to call 1 - 800 - 577 - TIPS . Berman and Wang reported from Washington . Renae Merle in New York and Karen DeYoung , Ellen Nakashima , Steven Overly and Sari Horwitz in Washington contributed to this report . [ This is a developing story . First published : 10 : 10 p . m . on Saturday . ]

New York Gov.Andrew Cuomo (D) said Sunday that there is “no evidence of an international terrorism connection” in the explosion in Chelsea, though he stopped short of saying whoever caused the incident did not want to incite terror.AD“It depends on your definition of terrorism,” Cuomo said.“A bomb exploding in New York is obviously an act of terrorism, but it’s not linked to international terrorism.In other words, we find no ISIS connections.”ADHe said later: “This is the nightmare scenario.”Not long after the blast, police said they had found another possible explosive device just blocks away.This device appeared to be similar to a pressure cooker and had wiring on it, according to a law enforcement official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the ongoing investigation.Pressure cookers were used in the two bombs detonated at the Boston Marathon in 2013.The bomb squad safely removed the second device, New York police tweeted early Sunday.Police officers, firefighters and other first responders had rushed to the scene of the blast, which closed a major roadway and forced people out of nearby buildings.New York Mayor Bill de Blasio (D) said Sunday that the explosion was “intentional,” but noted that few details were available because the investigation was in its early stages.“We know there was a bombing,” de Blasio said.“We know it was a very serious incident, but we have a lot more work to do to be able to say what kind of motivation was behind this.”ADADHe also echoed his comments from Saturday night that there was no specific, credible threat against New York from any terrorist group.The FBI and NYPD are trying to understand what motivation lay behind the blast.“We will look at individuals.We will look at associations.We will look at social media,” William Sweeney, Assistant Director in Charge of the FBI New York Field Office, said.“Until we have that information it is not fair for us to give a conclusion [as to motivation],” DeBlasio said.“Let the law enforcement experts draw the conclusions.”Police Commissioner James O’Neill, whose first day in the position was Saturday, told reporters on Sunday that police were still gathering evidence.AD“We did find some components indicative of an IED… that went off intentionally,” O’Neill said.Late Saturday, police had ruled out natural gas as a possible cause of the blast.ADThe New York Police Department’s counterterrorism bureau responded to the explosion, along with officials with the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.While O’Neill said authorities were still trying to determine what, precisely, exploded, the NYPD counterterrorism bureau posted a photo online earlier Saturday showing what appeared to be a dumpster or garbage container mangled by a blast:Police in New York also reported shortly after 11 p.m. that they had found the “possible secondary device” a few blocks away from the Chelsea explosion scene, on 27th Street between Sixth and Seventh avenues.Police directed people away from that intersection, and one officer could be heard telling pedestrians that “there is a possible explosive” in the area.ADNot long after midnight, police said in a statement that they were asking people in the area of this potential explosive to move away from their windows “until we clear the suspicious package,” although officers did not fully evacuate the area.ADAccording to the Associated Press, the second device was removed with a robot and taken to the department firing range in the Bronx.O’Neill said Sunday that two “very dedicated” former New York state troopers had responded to the initial report of the blast last night.In a search for other explosives, they had parked their vehicle on 27th Street.Walking down the block, they found the second, unexploded device, O’Neill said.ADReports of another suspicious package at 28th Street and Fifth Avenue turned out to be a false alarm — the package was only garbage, J. Peter Donald, a police spokesman, posted on Twitter around 12:30 a.m. Sunday.The Chelsea explosion occurred about 11 hours after a pipe bomb exploded in a Jersey Shore garbage can, shortly before a scheduled charity 5K race there benefiting Marines and Navy sailors.ADAuthorities have said they have not yet found anything connecting the Chelsea and New Jersey incidents but are continuing to investigate.On Sunday, Cuomo said the “bombs” in Chelsea “appear to be different” from those discovered earlier in the day in New Jersey, though the devices from both states were being shipped to the FBI lab in Quantico for further assessment.He said the devices in New Jersey were “pipe bombs,” and those in Chelsea were not.Cuomo said agents in New York were in touch with those in New Jersey.ADCuomo said officials “have no reason to believe at this time that there is any further immediate threat,” though the National Guard and the New York State Police were deploying an additional 1,000 personnel to bus terminals, airports and subways “just to err on the side of caution.”ADCuomo said the blast in Chelsea “caused significant property damage,” though he a nearby subway station was structurally safe.He said law enforcement would work diligently to identify and locate those responsible.“Whoever placed these bombs, we will find, and they will be brought to justice,” Cuomo said.The explosion in the area of 23rd Street between Sixth and Seventh avenues occurred about 8:30 p.m. police said.Several of those injured were brought to area hospitals, Donald, the police spokesman, posted on Twitter.ADAll victims were treated and released by Sunday morning, Cuomo said.A spokeswoman for Lenox Health Greenwich Village, which treated nine of the victims, said patients were treated for minor injuries that included lacerations to the head and body.Other hospitals declined to provide specifics about the extent of patients’ injuries from the explosion.ADPhotos and accounts posted on social media Saturday night showed large crowds — as well as a large law enforcement presence — in the area near where the explosion occurred.Soleil Filomena, 64, was leaving a convenience store at Seventh Avenue and 23rd Street when she heard the explosion.“It was so loud it just went through my whole body,” she said.“People started running up 23rd Street, and I started running with them.”ADFilomena said she saw a “big black cloud in the sky.” After the explosion, she said her “ear was ringing for 15 minutes.”When Keith Salomon of Delaware felt the explosion, he was having dinner a block and a half from the site of the blast.His chair and table shook, he said, and he saw people being taken away in ambulances.“We didn’t know what it was and so, at first, we just kept eating,” said Salomon, 52, who was visiting his son in the city.“But then we realized something was wrong.”Others did not hear the explosion but saw the aftermath.When Jacob Schulman left his apartment a few blocks away shortly before 9 p.m., he saw people running and screaming.AD“I didn’t know what was going on, but everyone looked so panicked.I started running.too,” said Schulman, 26, who has lived in the neighborhood since 2014.Two blocks from the blast scene, a group of people emerged from a screening of the animated movie “Beauty and the Beast” and saw the flashing lights.One man who came out of the theater said he could not hear anything and had no idea about the explosion not far from where he was sitting.President Obama was briefed on the situation in New York and will be updated as more information becomes available, a White House official said late Saturday.Speaking in Colorado not long after the explosion, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump quickly commented on the situation before much information was known.“I must tell you that just before I got off the plane, a bomb went off in New York and nobody knows exactly what’s going on,” said Trump shortly after getting off of his plane.His comments were made before authorities confirmed the nature of the explosion.Late Saturday, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton said it was important to “know the facts” before drawing conclusions about such incidents.Early Sunday, posts on social media from people in New York showed the area of the explosion to be relatively calm and quiet.Authorities had closed large swaths of roads in the area Saturday night.On Sunday, several roads had reopened but there remained a large police presence in the area.The explosion in New York comes as foreign leaders, including many heads of state, are heading to Manhattan for the United Nations General Assembly.Secretary of State John F. Kerry arrived Saturday, while Obama is scheduled to head to the city on Monday.This annual meeting — held more than two miles from the site of the explosion in Chelsea — is traditionally a challenging time for New York, as many roads are shut down and the heavy security leads to traffic jams.The FBI still has no determination as to motive, said a law enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation is ongoing.Agents are examining the detonated material from the first device as well as studying the second, which appeared to resemble a pressure cooker.They are also looking at video from security cameras, social media — “all the logical leads,” the official said.The explosion in Chelsea coincided with a separate attack that took place in Minnesota Saturday night, in which a man stabbed eight people in a St.Cloud mall before he was killed by an off-duty police officer.On Sunday, an ISIS-linked news agency claimed the mall attacker was “a soldier of the Islamic State.”An FBI spokesman said in an emailed statement that the agency had not determined whether the stabbings were related to the bombing in Manhattan the same night.Speaking to CNN’s Jake Tapper on Sunday morning, New Jersey Gov.Chris Christie (R) said there were no known links so far between the incident in New Jersey and those in New York and Minnesota.Authorities urged any witnesses with tips, video or other credible information about the explosion to call 1-800-577-TIPS.Berman and Wang reported from Washington.Renae Merle in New York and Karen DeYoung, Ellen Nakashima, Steven Overly and Sari Horwitz in Washington contributed to this report.[This is a developing story.First published: 10:10 p.m. on Saturday.]

“It depends on your definition of terrorism,” Cuomo said.

In other words, we find no ISIS connections.”

He said later: “This is the nightmare scenario.”

“We know there was a bombing,” de Blasio said.

The FBI and NYPD are trying to understand what motivation lay behind the blast.

“Let the law enforcement experts draw the conclusions.”

In a search for other explosives, they had parked their vehicle on 27th Street.

Walking down the block, they found the second, unexploded device, O’Neill said.

Cuomo said agents in New York were in touch with those in New Jersey.

All victims were treated and released by Sunday morning, Cuomo said.

“It was so loud it just went through my whole body,” she said.

“People started running up 23rd Street, and I started running with them.”

“But then we realized something was wrong.”

Others did not hear the explosion but saw the aftermath.

“I didn’t know what was going on, but everyone looked so panicked.

too,” said Schulman, 26, who has lived in the neighborhood since 2014.

His comments were made before authorities confirmed the nature of the explosion.

Authorities had closed large swaths of roads in the area Saturday night.

Cloud mall before he was killed by an off-duty police officer.

Speaking to CNN’s Jake Tapper on Sunday morning, New Jersey Gov.

Berman and Wang reported from Washington.

First published: 10:10 p.m. on Saturday.]

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WASHINGTON — The threat from multiple homemade bombs detonated nearly simultaneously to kill or maim as many civilians as possible has been a hallmark of militant groups in recent years from Iraq to Israel and Afghanistan and Russia . But until Monday at the Boston Marathon finish line in Copley Square , such street - level bombings targeting sidewalk or marketplace crowds had not taken place on American soil . US law enforcement and intelligence officials across the country and overseas , scrambling to identify the source of the explosives , are now worried that the marathon sidewalk bombing could mark a new chapter in the struggle to secure the American homeland . Advertisement “ We ’ ve seen this around the world , but what is so concerning about this is that it hadn ’ t happened here , not like this . Until yesterday , ’’ said a senior homeland security official in Washington . The Boston bombs were packed into pressure cookers and hidden in backpacks or duffel bags , according to multiple press accounts citing unidentified sources , another similarity with some Mideast attacks using “ improvised explosive devices , ’’ or IEDs . One of the bombs used in a foiled attack in New York ’ s Times Square in 2010 was fashioned from a pressure cooker . A joint warning issued by the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security in 2010 said pressure cookers has been used for bombs in multiple attacks in Afghanistan , Pakistan , India , and Nepal . Reports from medical staff at Boston hospitals who treated victims in the marathon attack indicate the bombs in this case were packed with BB ’ s , nails , and other projectiles intended to maximize human carnage . That contrasts with the large truck bombs that were used in Oklahoma City in 1995 and in the garage of the World Trade Center North Tower in 1993 , which were intended to inflict damage on buildings , as well as people . IED ’ s pack a much smaller punch , are cheaper , and easier to carry . They have been used in Iraq and Afghanistan with devastating effect on American troops in convoys of military vehicles . Advertisement No one has taken responsibility for the twin bombings on Boylston Street that killed three people and injured more than 150 near the Boston marathon finish line . A senior US law enforcement official in Washington added that the fact that no group has taken responsibility has officials speculating that it might not be the work of a well - known international terrorist group like Al Qaeda , Hezbollah or one of its affiliates but a domestic group or individual inspired by the hallmark tactics of terrorist groups in recent years , The Pakistani Taliban also said in a statement it was not responsible for the attack , unlike the attempted car bombing in New York ’ s Times Square in 2010 that it claimed responsibility for . But officials in Washington have been warning about the possibility of so - called improvised explosive devises in recent weeks . In late february the White House established a new task force housed in the Department of Justice to apply the lessons learned from years of dealing with so - called improvised explosive devices — some large and powerful and others more limited in scope like the ones apparently set off on Boylston Street yesterday . “ The threat from IED use is likely to remain high in the near future , and will continue to evolve in response to our abilities to counter them , ’’ according to a new strategy approved by President Obama on February 26 . “ A whole - of - government approach that integrates Federal , state , local , tribal , territorial , private sector , and global participation in counter - IED activities will best position the United States to discover plots to use IEDs in the United States , or against U . S . persons abroad , before those threats become imminent . ’’ Advertisement The 2010 warning from the FBI and Homeland Security said “ terrorists can exploit the innocuous appearance of easily transportable items such as pressure cookers to conceal IED components . Placed carefully , such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack . ’’ “ Alertness and quick reaction to discovery of such concealment devices in unusual locations or circumstances can improve chances of early detection and prevention of an attack , ’’ the warning continued . Potential indicators of a pressure cooker configured as an IED include protruding wires or fuses , unusual smells such as chemical odors , and wetness or unusual stains on a container . A magazine published during the last decade by Al Qaeda provided bomb - making tips that included using pressure cookers . Instructions for building such bombs also are contained on other websites , including one site that bills itself as an “ anarchist cookbook . ’’

WASHINGTON — The threat from multiple homemade bombs detonated nearly simultaneously to kill or maim as many civilians as possible has been a hallmark of militant groups in recent years from Iraq to Israel and Afghanistan and Russia.But until Monday at the Boston Marathon finish line in Copley Square, such street-level bombings targeting sidewalk or marketplace crowds had not taken place on American soil.US law enforcement and intelligence officials across the country and overseas, scrambling to identify the source of the explosives, are now worried that the marathon sidewalk bombing could mark a new chapter in the struggle to secure the American homeland.Advertisement“We’ve seen this around the world, but what is so concerning about this is that it hadn’t happened here, not like this.Until yesterday,’’ said a senior homeland security official in Washington.The Boston bombs were packed into pressure cookers and hidden in backpacks or duffel bags, according to multiple press accounts citing unidentified sources, another similarity with some Mideast attacks using “improvised explosive devices,’’ or IEDs.One of the bombs used in a foiled attack in New York’s Times Square in 2010 was fashioned from a pressure cooker.A joint warning issued by the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security in 2010 said pressure cookers has been used for bombs in multiple attacks in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Nepal.Reports from medical staff at Boston hospitals who treated victims in the marathon attack indicate the bombs in this case were packed with BB’s, nails, and other projectiles intended to maximize human carnage.That contrasts with the large truck bombs that were used in Oklahoma City in 1995 and in the garage of the World Trade Center North Tower in 1993, which were intended to inflict damage on buildings, as well as people.IED’s pack a much smaller punch, are cheaper, and easier to carry.They have been used in Iraq and Afghanistan with devastating effect on American troops in convoys of military vehicles.AdvertisementNo one has taken responsibility for the twin bombings on Boylston Street that killed three people and injured more than 150 near the Boston marathon finish line.A senior US law enforcement official in Washington added that the fact that no group has taken responsibility has officials speculating that it might not be the work of a well-known international terrorist group like Al Qaeda, Hezbollah or one of its affiliates but a domestic group or individual inspired by the hallmark tactics of terrorist groups in recent years,The Pakistani Taliban also said in a statement it was not responsible for the attack, unlike the attempted car bombing in New York’s Times Square in 2010 that it claimed responsibility for.But officials in Washington have been warning about the possibility of so-called improvised explosive devises in recent weeks.In late february the White House established a new task force housed in the Department of Justice to apply the lessons learned from years of dealing with so-called improvised explosive devices — some large and powerful and others more limited in scope like the ones apparently set off on Boylston Street yesterday.“The threat from IED use is likely to remain high in the near future, and will continue to evolve in response to our abilities to counter them,’’ according to a new strategy approved by President Obama on February 26.“A whole-of-government approach that integrates Federal, state, local, tribal, territorial, private sector, and global participation in counter-IED activities will best position the United States to discover plots to use IEDs in the United States, or against U.S. persons abroad, before those threats become imminent.’’AdvertisementThe 2010 warning from the FBI and Homeland Security said “terrorists can exploit the innocuous appearance of easily transportable items such as pressure cookers to conceal IED components.Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack.’’“Alertness and quick reaction to discovery of such concealment devices in unusual locations or circumstances can improve chances of early detection and prevention of an attack,’’ the warning continued.Potential indicators of a pressure cooker configured as an IED include protruding wires or fuses, unusual smells such as chemical odors, and wetness or unusual stains on a container.A magazine published during the last decade by Al Qaeda provided bomb-making tips that included using pressure cookers.Instructions for building such bombs also are contained on other websites, including one site that bills itself as an “anarchist cookbook.’’

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Accused New York City Bomber Pleads Not Guilty Accused New York bomber Ahmad Khan Rahimi pleaded not guilty on Thursday to federal charges that he set off an explosive device in September on a crowded city street , injuring 30 people . Wearing a dark blue jump suit , Rahimi , 28 , shuffled slowly into federal court in Manhattan and had several coughing fits during the brief hearing . He suffered serious injuries in a shootout with police two days after the bombing . He spoke only once , when U . S . District Judge Richard Berman asked him to confirm that he intended to plead not guilty to an eight - count indictment filed on Wednesday . " Yes , sir , " Rahimi said . Prosecutors have accused the Afghan - born U . S . citizen of setting off an explosion in Manhattan ' s Chelsea neighborhood on Sept . 17 . It did not kill anyone but hurt 30 people . The attack came hours after authorities say another pipe bomb planted by Rahimi went off along the course of a charity road race in New Jersey , although that detonation did not injure anyone . Federal prosecutors also say Rahimi left another bomb in Chelsea that did not go off and several explosive devices in a bag at a train station in Elizabeth , New Jersey . In addition to the New York indictment , Rahimi faces charges from federal and state prosecutors in New Jersey . He was captured after a manhunt that ended when police officers discovered him sleeping in the doorway of a bar in Linden , New Jersey . The confrontation left him with several gunshot wounds , delaying the filing of federal charges and forcing him to make his first court appearance in New Jersey from a hospital bed . Assistant U . S . Attorney Nicholas Lewin told Berman that prosecutors had compiled video clips showing Rahimi ' s movements on the day of the bombings , including leaving his house carrying bags , walking on West 23rd Street where the device went off and planting the second bomb on West 27th Street . He also said the government has records showing Rahimi purchased bomb components online and DNA evidence tying him to the bombs . Lewin asked Berman to consider a trial date in the " late winter " or " early spring , " saying the amount of evidence in the case is relatively limited . Berman scheduled court dates for Dec . 19 and Jan . 31 but has not set a trial date . Rahimi ' s court - appointed defense lawyers declined to comment after the hearing .

Accused New York City Bomber Pleads Not GuiltyAccused New York bomber Ahmad Khan Rahimi pleaded not guilty on Thursday to federal charges that he set off an explosive device in September on a crowded city street, injuring 30 people.Wearing a dark blue jump suit, Rahimi, 28, shuffled slowly into federal court in Manhattan and had several coughing fits during the brief hearing. He suffered serious injuries in a shootout with police two days after the bombing.He spoke only once, when U.S. District Judge Richard Berman asked him to confirm that he intended to plead not guilty to an eight-count indictment filed on Wednesday."Yes, sir," Rahimi said.Prosecutors have accused the Afghan-born U.S. citizen of setting off an explosion in Manhattan's Chelsea neighborhood on Sept. 17. It did not kill anyone but hurt 30 people.The attack came hours after authorities say another pipe bomb planted by Rahimi went off along the course of a charity road race in New Jersey, although that detonation did not injure anyone.Federal prosecutors also say Rahimi left another bomb in Chelsea that did not go off and several explosive devices in a bag at a train station in Elizabeth, New Jersey.In addition to the New York indictment, Rahimi faces charges from federal and state prosecutors in New Jersey.He was captured after a manhunt that ended when police officers discovered him sleeping in the doorway of a bar in Linden, New Jersey. The confrontation left him with several gunshot wounds, delaying the filing of federal charges and forcing him to make his first court appearance in New Jersey from a hospital bed.Assistant U.S. Attorney Nicholas Lewin told Berman that prosecutors had compiled video clips showing Rahimi's movements on the day of the bombings, including leaving his house carrying bags, walking on West 23rd Street where the device went off and planting the second bomb on West 27th Street.He also said the government has records showing Rahimi purchased bomb components online and DNA evidence tying him to the bombs.Lewin asked Berman to consider a trial date in the "late winter" or "early spring," saying the amount of evidence in the case is relatively limited. Berman scheduled court dates for Dec. 19 and Jan. 31 but has not set a trial date.Rahimi's court-appointed defense lawyers declined to comment after the hearing.

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Criteria Criteria 1 The act must be aimed at attaining a political , economic , religious , or social goal . In terms of economic goals , the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion . It must involve the pursuit of more profound , systemic economic change . Criterion 2 There must be evidence of an intention to coerce , intimidate , or convey some other message to a larger audience ( or audiences ) than the immediate victims . It is the act taken as a totality that is considered , irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention . As long as any of the planners or decision - makers behind the attack intended to coerce , intimidate or publicize , the intentionality criterion is met . Criterion 3 The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities . That is , the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law ( particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non - combatants . Doubt Terrorism Proper The existence of a " Yes " for " Doubt Terrorism Proper ? " records reservation , in the eyes of GTD analysts , that the incident in question is truly terrorism . Such uncertainty , however , was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD . Furthermore , such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations : 1 ) Insurgency / Guerilla Action ; 2 ) Internecine Conflict Action ; 3 ) Mass Murder ; or 4 ) Purely Criminal Act .

CriteriaCriteria 1The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.Criterion 2There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.Criterion 3The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.Doubt Terrorism ProperThe existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.

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Bombing Suspects ' Parents Questioned in Dagestan U . S . investigators have questioned the parents of the two Boston Marathon bombing suspects in the Russian republic of Dagestan , as they try to determine what might have influenced their sons in the months before the April 15 attack . The American authorities , working with Russian security forces , interviewed both parents Tuesday night and called back the suspects ' mother , Zubeidat Tsarnaev , for more questioning on Wednesday . The investigators are particularly interested in any contacts the elder brother , Tamerlan Tsarnaev , might have had with Islamic extremists during a six - month visit to Dagestan and Chechnya last year . U . S . lawmakers discussed the same trip Tuesday as they raised concerns about the sharing of intelligence among federal law enforcement agencies . Senator Lindsey Graham said the FBI told him it was not aware at the time of Tamerlan Tsarnaev ' s trip to Russia . Tamerlan Tsarnaev died after a shootout with police last Thursday , while his younger brother Dzhokhar was captured a day later . Meanwhile , in Boston , authorities on Wednesday reopened Boylston Street , the city thoroughfare where the explosions occurred near the finish line of the race . Later , several thousand people gathered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a memorial service for campus policeman Sean Collier , who authorities say the Tsarnaev brothers shot to death three days after the bombings . Homeland Security chief Janet Napolitano told the Senate Intelligence Committee that her agency did know about Tamerlan ' s trip , but that an FBI alert on him had expired by the time he returned . The FBI had interviewed Tsarnaev in 2011 at Russia ' s request , but found nothing to connect him to terrorism at that time . The 19 - year - old Dzhokhar has been charged with using a weapon of mass destruction . He is in federal custody in a Boston hospital . U . S . officials say Dzhokhar told them in preliminary interviews that he and his brother were partly motivated by the U . S . wars in Iraq and Afghanistan , but that they were self - radicalized and not connected to any terrorist network . The two suspects are Chechens who came to the United States as boys . The brothers allegedly set off two bombs alongside the Boston Marathon course , killing three people and injuring 264 . At least 14 of the wounded lost legs in the blasts .

Bombing Suspects' Parents Questioned in DagestanU.S. investigators have questioned the parents of the two Boston Marathon bombing suspects in the Russian republic of Dagestan, as they try to determine what might have influenced their sons in the months before the April 15 attack.The American authorities, working with Russian security forces, interviewed both parents Tuesday night and called back the suspects' mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaev, for more questioning on Wednesday.The investigators are particularly interested in any contacts the elder brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, might have had with Islamic extremists during a six-month visit to Dagestan and Chechnya last year.U.S. lawmakers discussed the same trip Tuesday as they raised concerns about the sharing of intelligence among federal law enforcement agencies. Senator Lindsey Graham said the FBI told him it was not aware at the time of Tamerlan Tsarnaev's trip to Russia.Tamerlan Tsarnaev died after a shootout with police last Thursday, while his younger brother Dzhokhar was captured a day later.Meanwhile, in Boston, authorities on Wednesday reopened Boylston Street, the city thoroughfare where the explosions occurred near the finish line of the race.Later, several thousand people gathered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a memorial service for campus policeman Sean Collier, who authorities say the Tsarnaev brothers shot to death three days after the bombings.Homeland Security chief Janet Napolitano told the Senate Intelligence Committee that her agency did know about Tamerlan's trip, but that an FBI alert on him had expired by the time he returned.The FBI had interviewed Tsarnaev in 2011 at Russia's request, but found nothing to connect him to terrorism at that time.The 19-year-old Dzhokhar has been charged with using a weapon of mass destruction. He is in federal custody in a Boston hospital.U.S. officials say Dzhokhar told them in preliminary interviews that he and his brother were partly motivated by the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but that they were self-radicalized and not connected to any terrorist network. The two suspects are Chechens who came to the United States as boys.The brothers allegedly set off two bombs alongside the Boston Marathon course, killing three people and injuring 264. At least 14 of the wounded lost legs in the blasts.

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